Osmium vs Gallium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Ga
Group Number
8
10
13
5
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440553
32
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Cmca
Space Group Number
194.00
5
64.00
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1803
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
29.78 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
2,403.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
56.80 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
2,740.00 m/s
31
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.81
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.01
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.19
39
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
4th Energy Level
Not Available
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
4.20 eV
23
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
31
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
31
99+
Number of Neutrons
114
25
39
99+
Number of Electrons
76
39
31
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
135.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
187.00 pm
32
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
69.72 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
69.70 (-eV)
19
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
451.97 pm
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
5.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
9.80 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.47
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
5.91
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
270.00 nΩ·m
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
40.60 W/m·K
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
276.10 kJ/mol
39
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
40.80 J/mol.K
38
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