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Properties of Bismuth and Polonium


Properties of Polonium & Bismuth


Physical Properties

Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
Yes   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
?
simple cubic (metallic)Α-Polonium
  

β Allotropes
Not Available   
?
rhombohedral (metallic)Β-Polonium
  

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Bi   
Po   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
33   
6
29   
10

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
2.00   
7

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.76   
2

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
2.48   
1

Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
2.19   
2

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.00   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
812.10 kJ/mol   
14

2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
Not Available   

3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8

Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
9.20 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
9.40 g/cm3   
19

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   

Periodic Table

Symbol
Bi   
Po   

Group Number
15   
3
16   
2

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block
  
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block
  

Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition
  
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
83   
33
84   
32

Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
209.00 amu   
28

Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
22.23 cm3/mol   
13

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   

Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
83   
33
84   
32

Number of Neutrons
126   
18
125   
19

Number of Electrons
83   
33
84   
32

Crystal Structure
?
Rhombohedral crystal lattice structure comes under trigonal crystal structure. The Rhombohedral crystal structure is a term associated trigonal crystal structure with the rhombohedral lattice.Rhombohedral (RHO)
  
?
The mono-clinic crystal structure is one of the seven lattice point groups. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths and have two vectors perpendicular to the 3rd oneMonoclinic (MON)
  

Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
168.00 pm   
23

Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
140.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
197.00 pm   
29

Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
335.90 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Polonium
  
Francium
  

Previous Element
Lead
  
Bismuth
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
183.30 kJ/mol   
3

Electrical Property
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor
  
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
9.32   
31

Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic
  
?
Nonmagnetic metals are non magnetic in nature and do not show or exhibit any magnetic properties.Nonmagnetic
  

Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   

Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40

Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
20.00 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
26.40 J/mol·K   
28

Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16

Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
13.00 kJ/mol   
26

Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+

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