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Properties of Erbium and Thallium

Erbium
Thallium
Properties of Thallium & Erbium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C   
28
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C   
99+
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa   
11
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa   
19
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s   
28
818.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24   
36
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76   
18
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol   
99+
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr   
28
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3   
99+
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3   
23
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
20
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa   
25
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa   
27
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa   
29
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
28
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Sectility is the ability to be cut into pieces. Metals and paper are sectile.Sectile   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Er   
Tl   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68   
99+
81   
35
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu   
99+
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol   
25
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)   
29
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
99   
33
123   
20
Number of Electrons
68   
99+
81   
35
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm   
19
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
196.00 pm   
30
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm   
39
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
1.60   
6
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Lead
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Mercury
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m   
99+
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07   
32
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K   
99+
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K   
11
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)   
31
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K   
11
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol   
35
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol   
15
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
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