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Properties of Lithium and Cerium

Lithium
Cerium
Properties of Cerium & Lithium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C   
99+
795.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C   
99+
3,257.00 °C   
23
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60   
21
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa   
99+
186.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
210.00 MPa   
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s   
3
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li   
Ce   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8   
30
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98   
99+
1.12   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89   
26
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.08   
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97   
19
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.91   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02   
8
2.88   
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol   
99+
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol   
3
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol   
4
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV   
37
2.84 eV   
39
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3   
99+
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3   
99+
6.55 g/cm3   
38
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)   
2
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa   
99+
13.50 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
21.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
33.60 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.24   
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li   
Ce   
Group Number
1   
17
Not Available   
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
All alkali metals are placed under group number 1 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are highly reactive and are found in ores of other metals and minerals. Alkali metals can be easily distinguished from others as these metals have only 1 electronAlkali   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3   
99+
58   
99+
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu   
99+
140.12 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)   
99+
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3   
99+
58   
99+
Number of Neutrons
4   
99+
82   
99+
Number of Electrons
3   
99+
58   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm   
31
181.80 pm   
12
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
204.00 pm   
8
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm   
35
235.00 pm   
17
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm   
99+
362.00 pm   
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Praseodymium
  
Previous Element
  
Lanthanum
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m   
33
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
19
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol   
16
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53   
99+
6.77   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)   
1
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K   
20
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K   
1
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K   
99+
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)   
7
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K   
99+
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol   
99+
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol   
99+
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
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