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Properties of Magnesium and Gadolinium

Magnesium
Gadolinium
Properties of Gadolinium & Magnesium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
1,311.00 °C   
35
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
3,233.00 °C   
25
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
510.00 MPa   
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Gd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
1.20   
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
2.80   
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Highly Inflammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
7.40 g/cm3   
31
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
7.39 (Pa)   
9
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
21.80 GPa   
33
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
37.90 GPa   
34
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
54.80 GPa   
35
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.26   
23
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Gd   
Group Number
2   
16
0   
18
Period Number
3   
6   
Block
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
All alkaline earth metals are placed under group number 2 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are somewhat reactive at standard conditions. Alkaline earth metals appear shiny, silvery-white and are found in the earth’s crust.Alkaline Earth   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
64   
99+
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
46.10 (-eV)   
34
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
64   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
93   
37
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
64   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
196.00 pm   
14
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
237.00 pm   
15
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
363.60 pm   
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Terbium
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Europium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
7.90   
40
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
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