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Properties of Nickel and Copper

Nickel
Copper
Properties of Copper & Nickel


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C   
31
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C   
38
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00   
10
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa   
18
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa   
16
343.00 MPa   
28
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
72.00 %   
9
90.00 %   
3
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s   
12
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ni   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91   
10
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94   
10
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75   
3
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.88   
6
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09   
99+
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV   
2
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3   
29
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
31
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa   
11
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa   
12
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa   
11
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.31   
13
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni   
Cu   
Group Number
10   
8
11   
7
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
28   
99+
29   
99+
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
28   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
31   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
28   
99+
29   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm   
99+
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm   
40
140.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm   
99+
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Copper
  
Zinc
  
Previous Element
Cobalt
  
Nickel
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.90   
33
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
2
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
600.00   
2
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K   
18
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
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