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Properties of Promethium and Calcium

Promethium
Calcium
Properties of Calcium & Promethium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
170.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Ca   
Group Number
Not Available   
2   
16
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
All alkaline earth metals are placed under group number 2 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are somewhat reactive at standard conditions. Alkaline earth metals appear shiny, silvery-white and are found in the earth’s crust.Alkaline Earth   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
20   
99+
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Ar] 4s2   
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
20   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
231.00 pm   
19
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Scandium
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Potassium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
All >>
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Lanthanide Metals

Lanthanide Metals

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