Properties of Ruthenium and Cerium
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C
  
14
3,257.00 °C
  
23
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa
  
3
186.00 MPa
  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s
  
4
2,100.00 m/s
  
99+
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ru
  
Ce
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol
  
32
534.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol
  
37
1,949.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3
  
27
6.77 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3
  
16
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Ru
  
Ce
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
5
  
6
  
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu
  
99+
140.12 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
  
99+
20.67 cm3/mol
  
17
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
  
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
  
22
41.78 (-eV)
  
99+
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
  
16
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol
  
10
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
24
0.19 J/(kg K)
  
32
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K
  
13
11.30 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K
  
99+
26.94 J/mol·K
  
23
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K
  
99+
72.00 J/mol.K
  
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol
  
10
414.00 kJ/mol
  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol
  
7
5.46 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol
  
9
381.00 kJ/mol
  
23