1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
744018854386242
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Currently known uses of Roentgenium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
4.2 Boiling Point
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
1.4 Electronegativity
1.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.9.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.3.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
3.6 Electropositivity
3.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.2 Ionization Energies
1.2.1 1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol1,022.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
1.3.2 2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol2,074.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
1.4.1 3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol3,077.90 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.3.3 4th Energy Level
NA4,052.40 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.6.2 5th Energy Level
NA5,306.70 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.8.4 6th Energy Level
9.9.8 7th Energy level
9.10.1 8th Energy Level
10.3.2 9th Energy Level
11.4.2 10th Energy Level
11.6.5 11th Energy Level
12.3.2 12th Energy Level
12.4.4 13th Energy Level
12.8.4 14th Energy Level
13.2.5 15th Energy Level
13.2.9 16th Energy Level
13.3.1 17th Energy Level
13.3.5 18th Energy Level
13.5.3 19th Energy Level
13.5.7 20th Energy Level
13.6.3 21st Energy Level
13.7.2 22nd Energy Level
13.7.6 23rd Energy Level
13.9.1 24th Energy Level
13.9.4 25th Energy Level
13.10.4 26th Energy Level
14.4.1 27th Energy Level
14.4.3 28th Energy Level
14.5.5 29th Energy Level
14.8.2 30th Energy Level
14.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
15.2 Electron Work Function
15.3 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
NA
16 Atomic
16.1 Atomic Number
16.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2
16.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
16.3.1 Crystal Lattice
16.4 Atom
16.4.1 Number of Protons
16.6.1 Number of Neutrons
16.7.1 Number of Electrons
17.2 Radius of an Atom
17.2.1 Atomic Radius
17.3.3 Covalent Radius
17.6.2 Van der Waals Radius
17.7 Atomic Weight
101.07 amu281.00 amu
6.94
294
17.10 Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
17.12 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
17.12.1 Previous Element
17.12.2 Next Element
17.13 Valence Electron Potential
17.15 Lattice Constant
270.59 pmNA
228.58
891.25
17.16 Lattice Angles
17.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
18 Mechanical
18.1 Density
18.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm328.70 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
18.1.7 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.4 Tensile Strength
18.6 Viscosity
19.2 Vapor Pressure
19.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
20.1.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
20.4 Elasticity properties
20.4.1 Shear Modulus
20.7.4 Bulk Modulus
20.11.5 Young's Modulus
21.4 Poisson Ratio
22.4 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
23 Magnetic
23.1 Magnetic Characteristics
23.1.1 Specific Gravity
23.4.1 Magnetic Ordering
23.4.2 Permeability
23.4.7 Susceptibility
23.8 Electrical Properties
23.8.1 Electrical Property
23.8.2 Resistivity
24.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
24.4.2 Electron Affinity
26 Thermal
26.1 Specific Heat
26.4 Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
26.8 Thermal Conductivity
27.3 Critical Temperature
27.5 Thermal Expansion
27.10 Enthalpy
27.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
27.11.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
27.14.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
28.2 Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1