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Hafnium
Hafnium

Rhenium
Rhenium



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Hafnium
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Hafnium Rhenium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Hf
Re
1.2 Group Number
47
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
66
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.11 Block
d block
d block
1.12 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.13 CAS Number
74405867440155
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.20 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.23 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
3.2 Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Masataka Ogawa
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1922
In 1908
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %2 * 10-8 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
4.5.7 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.00000001 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
4.6.6 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
5.1.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
5.3.3 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
5.4.1 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
7.1.3 Medical Uses
NA
NA
7.1.4 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Low Toxic
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.4 In Blood
NANA
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
7.6.1 In Bone
NANA
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
2,150.00 °C3,180.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
10.3 Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C5,627.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
10.8 Appearance
10.8.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
10.8.3 Color
Gray
Silvery Gray
10.8.4 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
10.9 Hardness
10.9.1 Mohs Hardness
5.507.00
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
10.9.8 Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa1,320.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
10.10.3 Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa1,350.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
10.12 Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s4,700.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
11.3 Optical Properties
11.3.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
11.4.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
12.3 Allotropes
12.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13 Chemical
13.1 Chemical Formula
Hf
Re
13.2 Isotopes
13.2.1 Known Isotopes
3233
Tennessine Metal
0 38
13.5 Electronegativity
13.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.301.90
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
13.6.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
13.7.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.231.46
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
13.7.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
13.9.4 Allen Electronegativity
1.161.60
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
13.11 Electropositivity
13.11.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.702.10
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
14.2 Ionization Energies
14.2.1 1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol760.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
14.6.4 2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol1,260.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
14.8.4 3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol2,510.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
14.8.8 4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol3,640.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
14.8.15 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
14.10.2 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
14.10.5 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
14.11.3 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
14.12.1 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
14.14.1 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
14.15.2 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
14.18.2 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
1.2.2 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
3.1.2 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
3.7.2 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
3.9.1 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
3.10.1 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
3.11.2 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
3.12.4 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
3.13.4 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
3.13.7 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
3.14.4 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
3.14.7 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
3.15.2 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
3.15.4 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
3.16.2 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
3.17.2 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
4.1.2 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
4.1.4 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
4.2.1 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
4.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr0.99 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
2.2 Electron Work Function
3.90 eV4.96 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
2.4 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
3 Atomic
3.1 Atomic Number
7275
Lithium Metal
3 117
1.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
1.5 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
1.5.1 Crystal Lattice
1.6 Atom
1.6.1 Number of Protons
7275
Lithium Metal
3 117
2.3.3 Number of Neutrons
106111
Lithium Metal
4 184
2.7.2 Number of Electrons
7275
Lithium Metal
3 117
2.11 Radius of an Atom
2.11.1 Atomic Radius
159.00 pm137.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
2.12.2 Covalent Radius
175.00 pm151.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
3.2.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
3.9 Atomic Weight
178.49 amu186.21 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
3.12 Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol8.85 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
4.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
4.4.1 Previous Element
4.4.2 Next Element
4.5 Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)180.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
4.9 Lattice Constant
319.64 pm276.10 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
4.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
4.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.581.62
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
6 Mechanical
6.1 Density
6.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm321.02 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
6.5.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm318.90 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.4 Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa1,070.00 MPa
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.6 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.8 Vapor Pressure
7.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.11.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
8.3 Elasticity properties
8.3.1 Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa178.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
8.4.2 Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa370.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
1.1.1 Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa463.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
1.5 Poisson Ratio
0.370.30
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
1.8 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.3121.02
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
2.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
2.3.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
2.4.2 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
2.6 Electrical Properties
2.6.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
2.6.2 Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m193.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
3.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
3.2.3 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol14.50 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
5 Thermal
5.1 Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
5.3 Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K25.48 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
5.6 Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K48.00 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
5.8 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
5.10 Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)6.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
1.3 Enthalpy
1.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol707.10 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
2.2.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol33.05 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
2.7.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol791.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
2.13 Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K36.90 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1