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Properties of Aluminium and Gallium

Aluminium
Gallium
Properties of Gallium & Aluminium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C   
99+
29.78 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C   
99+
2,403.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75   
13
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa   
99+
56.80 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa   
35
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
71.00 %   
10
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s   
10
2,740.00 m/s   
31
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al   
Ga   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11   
27
24   
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61   
22
1.81   
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71   
13
2.42   
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.82   
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83   
8
2.01   
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.61   
20
1.76   
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39   
32
2.19   
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV   
19
4.20 eV   
23
Other Chemical Properties
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
18
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa   
19
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa   
29
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa   
18
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa   
28
9.80 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35   
9
0.47   
1
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al   
Ga   
Group Number
13   
5
13   
5
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13   
99+
31   
99+
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu   
99+
69.72 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)   
17
69.70 (-eV)   
19
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13   
99+
31   
99+
Number of Neutrons
14   
99+
39   
99+
Number of Electrons
13   
99+
31   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
?
Orthorhombic lattices occur due to stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal sides. It gets result in a rectangular prism with a rectangular at base. These 3 bases intersect each other at 90°.Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm   
37
135.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm   
99+
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm   
34
187.00 pm   
32
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm   
22
451.97 pm   
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Rubidium
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Zinc
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72   
99+
5.91   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
4
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
3
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K   
4
40.60 W/m·K   
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
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