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Properties of Gold and Calcium

Gold
Calcium
Properties of Calcium & Gold


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
170.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Ca   
Group Number
11   
7
2   
16
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
All alkaline earth metals are placed under group number 2 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are somewhat reactive at standard conditions. Alkaline earth metals appear shiny, silvery-white and are found in the earth’s crust.Alkaline Earth   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
20   
99+
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Ar] 4s2   
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
79   
37
20   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
231.00 pm   
19
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Scandium
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Potassium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
All >>
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