Properties of Gold and Niobium
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C
  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C
  
36
2,468.00 °C
  
99+
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s
  
99+
3,480.00 m/s
  
21
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Au
  
Nb
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol
  
8
652.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
  
12
1,380.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
  
2,416.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr
  
21
0.69 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3
  
15
8.57 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Au
  
Nb
  
Period Number
6
  
5
  
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol
  
99+
10.87 cm3/mol
  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
  
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
  
99+
104.00 (-eV)
  
8
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m
  
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω
  
3
0.07 106/cm Ω
  
28
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
  
1
86.10 kJ/mol
  
12
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
0.26 J/(kg K)
  
20
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K
  
3
53.70 W/m·K
  
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K
  
40
24.60 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)
  
26
7.30 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K
  
32
36.40 J/mol.K
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol
  
27
696.60 kJ/mol
  
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol
  
27
27.20 kJ/mol
  
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol
  
25
745.00 kJ/mol
  
4