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Properties of Iron and Cerium

Iron
Cerium
Properties of Cerium & Iron


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C   
25
795.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C   
37
3,257.00 °C   
23
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00   
10
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa   
40
186.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa   
18
210.00 MPa   
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
65.00 %   
12
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s   
8
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
?
It forms below 770 °C (the Curie point, TC); Then the Iron becomes magnetic in its alpha form; BCC crystal structureFerrite (Alpha Iron)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
?
It forms below 912 °C; BCC crystal structureBeta Iron   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
?
It forms below 1,394 °C; FCC crystal structureGamma Iron   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fe   
Ce   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83   
14
1.12   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64   
8
1.08   
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.80   
12
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17   
40
2.88   
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV   
10
2.84 eV   
39
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3   
35
6.55 g/cm3   
38
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)   
5
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa   
11
13.50 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
21.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa   
9
33.60 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.24   
27
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable, 
?
Weldability of metals defines their ability to be welded.This property of metals also known as joinability.Weldable   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe   
Ce   
Group Number
8   
10
Not Available   
Period Number
4   
6   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
26   
99+
58   
99+
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu   
99+
140.12 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)   
20
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
26   
99+
58   
99+
Number of Neutrons
30   
99+
82   
99+
Number of Electrons
26   
99+
58   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm   
99+
181.80 pm   
12
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
204.00 pm   
8
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
235.00 pm   
17
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm   
99+
362.00 pm   
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Cobalt
  
Praseodymium
  
Previous Element
Manganese
  
Lanthanum
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.20   
99+
6.77   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Not Available   
Susceptibility
2,00,000.00   
1
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K   
22
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
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