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Properties of Lanthanum and Yttrium

Lanthanum
Yttrium
Properties of Yttrium & Lanthanum


Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C   
99+
1,523.00 °C   
27
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C   
18
3,337.00 °C   
21
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa   
30
589.00 MPa   
22
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa   
26
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s   
37
3,300.00 m/s   
23
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La   
Y   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10   
99+
1.22   
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.65   
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.12   
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90   
10
2.78   
16
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol   
99+
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3   
99+
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3   
99+
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
15
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa   
40
25.60 GPa   
30
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa   
99+
41.20 GPa   
30
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa   
99+
63.50 GPa   
32
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.24   
26
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
Periodic Table
Symbol
La   
Y   
Group Number
Not Available   
3   
15
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57   
99+
39   
99+
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu   
99+
88.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol   
16
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2   
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)   
99+
48.00 (-eV)   
30
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57   
99+
39   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
50   
99+
Number of Electrons
57   
99+
39   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm   
8
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm   
6
190.00 pm   
18
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm   
13
200.00 pm   
28
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm   
28
364.74 pm   
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
2
1.57   
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Zirconium
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Strontium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m   
7
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol   
23
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17   
99+
4.47   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K   
99+
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
21
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)   
32
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K   
23
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol   
17
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol   
99+
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol   
16
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
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