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Properties of Lithium and Beryllium

Lithium
Beryllium
Properties of Beryllium & Lithium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C   
99+
1,278.00 °C   
36
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C   
99+
2,970.00 °C   
32
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60   
21
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa   
99+
590.00 MPa   
21
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s   
3
12,890.00 m/s   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li   
Be   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8   
30
9   
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98   
99+
1.57   
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89   
26
1.81   
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97   
19
1.54   
12
Allen Electronegativity
0.91   
99+
1.58   
23
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02   
8
2.43   
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol   
99+
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol   
3
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol   
4
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV   
37
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3   
99+
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3   
99+
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)   
2
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa   
99+
132.00 GPa   
7
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
130.00 GPa   
13
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
287.00 GPa   
7
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.03   
35
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li   
Be   
Group Number
1   
17
2   
16
Period Number
2   
2   
Block
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
Element Family
?
All alkali metals are placed under group number 1 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are highly reactive and are found in ores of other metals and minerals. Alkali metals can be easily distinguished from others as these metals have only 1 electronAlkali   
?
All alkaline earth metals are placed under group number 2 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are somewhat reactive at standard conditions. Alkaline earth metals appear shiny, silvery-white and are found in the earth’s crust.Alkaline Earth   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3   
99+
4   
99+
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu   
99+
9.01 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1   
[He] 2s2   
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)   
99+
82.00 (-eV)   
15
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3   
99+
4   
99+
Number of Neutrons
4   
99+
5   
99+
Number of Electrons
3   
99+
4   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm   
31
112.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
96.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm   
35
153.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm   
99+
228.58 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Sodium
  
Previous Element
  
Lithium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m   
33
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
19
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol   
16
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53   
99+
1.85   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)   
1
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K   
20
200.00 W/m·K   
6
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K   
1
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K   
99+
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)   
7
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K   
99+
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol   
99+
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol   
99+
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
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