Properties of Lithium and Gadolinium
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C
  
35
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
  
99+
3,233.00 °C
  
25
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
  
3
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Li
  
Gd
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
593.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
  
3
1,170.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
  
4
1,990.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.96 g/amp-hr
  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
  
99+
7.90 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
  
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Symbol
Li
  
Gd
  
Period Number
2
  
6
  
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
  
39
19.90 cm3/mol
  
20
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
  
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
  
99+
46.10 (-eV)
  
34
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
  
19
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
  
16
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
  
1
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
27
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
  
20
10.60 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
  
99+
37.03 J/mol·K
  
2
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
  
7
9.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
  
99+
68.10 J/mol.K
  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
359.40 kJ/mol
  
21
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
10.05 kJ/mol
  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
352.00 kJ/mol
  
27