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Properties of Niobium and Polonium

Niobium
Polonium
Properties of Polonium & Niobium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C   
6
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa   
14
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
?
simple cubic (metallic)Α-Polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
?
rhombohedral (metallic)Β-Polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60   
23
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42   
16
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.41   
31
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40   
31
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa   
19
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa   
20
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb   
Po   
Group Number
5   
13
16   
2
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41   
99+
84   
32
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)   
8
Not Available   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
52   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
41   
99+
84   
32
Crystal Structure
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
?
The mono-clinic crystal structure is one of the seven lattice point groups. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths and have two vectors perpendicular to the 3rd oneMonoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm   
28
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
197.00 pm   
29
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm   
99+
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Francium
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Bismuth
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57   
37
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Nonmagnetic metals are non magnetic in nature and do not show or exhibit any magnetic properties.Nonmagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K   
29
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
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