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Properties of Palladium and Copper

Palladium
Copper
Properties of Copper & Palladium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C   
22
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C   
33
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75   
9
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa   
33
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa   
36
343.00 MPa   
28
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72   
1
Not Available   
Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
90.00 %   
3
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s   
26
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pd   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38   
1
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35   
21
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.59   
22
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV   
3
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3   
29
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3   
17
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa   
16
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.39   
5
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable, 
?
Weldability of metals defines their ability to be welded.This property of metals also known as joinability.Weldable   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd   
Cu   
Group Number
10   
8
11   
7
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
46   
99+
29   
99+
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
60   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
46   
99+
29   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm   
40
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm   
40
140.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm   
25
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Zinc
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Nickel
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02   
21
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K   
23
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
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