1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74406447440713
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
824.00 °C900.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C1,470.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
1.3 Optical Properties
1.3.1 Refractive Index
1.3.2 Reflectivity
1.5 Allotropes
1.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2 Chemical
2.1 Chemical Formula
2.2 Isotopes
2.2.1 Known Isotopes
2.6 Electronegativity
2.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.8.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
3.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
3.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
3.4.5 Allen Electronegativity
3.5 Electropositivity
3.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.6 Ionization Energies
3.6.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol608.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
3.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,206.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
3.6.5 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol2,267.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
4.2.4 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol3,599.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
4.2.6 5th Energy Level
5.1.1 6th Energy Level
5.2.1 7th Energy level
5.2.2 8th Energy Level
5.4.2 9th Energy Level
5.4.3 10th Energy Level
5.4.5 11th Energy Level
5.4.7 12th Energy Level
5.5.1 13th Energy Level
5.5.2 14th Energy Level
5.6.3 15th Energy Level
6.2.2 16th Energy Level
6.2.3 17th Energy Level
6.3.2 18th Energy Level
6.3.3 19th Energy Level
6.3.5 20th Energy Level
6.3.7 21st Energy Level
6.3.8 22nd Energy Level
6.3.10 23rd Energy Level
6.3.12 24th Energy Level
6.3.13 25th Energy Level
6.4.2 26th Energy Level
6.4.3 27th Energy Level
6.5.2 28th Energy Level
6.5.4 29th Energy Level
6.5.6 30th Energy Level
6.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr3.12 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
6.7 Electron Work Function
6.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
7 Atomic
7.1 Atomic Number
7.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
7.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
7.3.1 Crystal Lattice
7.4 Atom
7.4.1 Number of Protons
7.4.4 Number of Neutrons
7.4.6 Number of Electrons
7.5 Radius of an Atom
7.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm186.00 pm
112
265
7.5.3 Covalent Radius
7.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
7.6 Atomic Weight
173.05 amu251.00 amu
6.94
294
7.7 Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
7.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
7.8.1 Previous Element
7.8.2 Next Element
7.9 Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)44.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
7.10 Lattice Constant
548.47 pm338.00 pm
228.58
891.25
7.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
7.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
8 Mechanical
8.1 Density
8.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm315.10 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
8.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.2 Tensile Strength
8.3 Viscosity
8.4 Vapor Pressure
8.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
8.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
8.5 Elasticity properties
8.5.1 Shear Modulus
8.5.4 Bulk Modulus
8.6.1 Young's Modulus
8.8 Poisson Ratio
9.2 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable, Sectile
10 Magnetic
10.1 Magnetic Characteristics
10.1.1 Specific Gravity
10.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
10.1.3 Permeability
10.4.2 Susceptibility
10.5 Electrical Properties
10.5.1 Electrical Property
10.5.2 Resistivity
10.5.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
10.6.2 Electron Affinity
11 Thermal
11.1 Specific Heat
11.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
11.4 Thermal Conductivity
11.6 Critical Temperature
11.9 Thermal Expansion
11.11 Enthalpy
11.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
11.13.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.1.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
12.2 Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1