1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.3 Block
1.4 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.5 CAS Number
74399107440622
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Andrés Manuel del Río
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.9.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.00004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
4.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.5.3 Abundance In Oceans
4.5.4 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Alloys
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.6 In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
920.00 °C1,890.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C3,380.00 °C
147
5660
8.3 Appearance
8.3.1 Physical State
8.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Blue-Silver Grey
8.3.3 Luster
8.4 Hardness
8.4.1 Mohs Hardness
9.1.2 Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa600.00 MPa
0.14
3490
10.1.1 Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa628.00 MPa
121
3430
10.5 Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s4,560.00 m/s
818
16200
10.8 Optical Properties
10.8.1 Refractive Index
10.8.3 Reflectivity
10.9 Allotropes
10.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.4 Electronegativity
11.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.5.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.3.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.5.4 Allen Electronegativity
13.3 Electropositivity
13.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.5 Ionization Energies
13.5.1 1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol1,414.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.6.2 3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol2,830.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.7.2 4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol4,507.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
13.7.5 5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol6,298.70 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
13.7.7 6th Energy Level
NA12,363.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
13.7.10 7th Energy level
NA14,530.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
13.7.12 8th Energy Level
NA16,730.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
13.8.2 9th Energy Level
NA19,860.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
13.8.4 10th Energy Level
NA22,240.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
13.9.5 11th Energy Level
NA24,670.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
13.9.8 12th Energy Level
NA29,730.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
13.9.11 13th Energy Level
NA32,446.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
13.9.13 14th Energy Level
NA86,450.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
13.9.16 15th Energy Level
NA94,170.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
13.9.18 16th Energy Level
NA102,300.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
13.9.21 17th Energy Level
NA112,700.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
13.9.24 18th Energy Level
NA121,600.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
13.9.26 19th Energy Level
NA130,700.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
13.9.29 20th Energy Level
NA143,400.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
13.9.31 21st Energy Level
NA151,440.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
13.9.33 22nd Energy Level
13.9.35 23rd Energy Level
13.9.37 24th Energy Level
13.9.40 25th Energy Level
13.9.41 26th Energy Level
13.9.44 27th Energy Level
13.9.46 28th Energy Level
13.9.49 29th Energy Level
13.9.51 30th Energy Level
13.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr0.38 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.11 Electron Work Function
13.12 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
14.4 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
14.4.1 Crystal Lattice
14.5 Atom
14.5.1 Number of Protons
14.5.3 Number of Neutrons
15.1.2 Number of Electrons
15.5 Radius of an Atom
15.5.1 Atomic Radius
187.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
15.5.3 Covalent Radius
207.00 pm153.00 pm
96
260
15.5.6 Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
15.6 Atomic Weight
138.91 amu50.94 amu
6.94
294
15.8 Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol8.78 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
15.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.10.1 Previous Element
15.10.2 Next Element
15.11 Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)120.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
15.13 Lattice Constant
377.20 pm303.00 pm
228.58
891.25
16.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
16.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm36.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
17.6.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm35.50 g/cm3
0.512
20
17.8 Tensile Strength
17.11 Viscosity
18.2 Vapor Pressure
18.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
18.3.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)0.23 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
18.4 Elasticity properties
18.4.1 Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa47.00 GPa
1.3
222
18.5.2 Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa160.00 GPa
1.6
462
18.8.2 Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa128.00 GPa
1.7
528
18.11 Poisson Ratio
18.14 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
19.1.4 Permeability
19.2.2 Susceptibility
19.4 Electrical Properties
19.4.1 Electrical Property
19.4.2 Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m197.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
20.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
21.1.5 Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol50.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
22 Thermal
22.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.49 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
22.3 Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K24.89 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
22.5 Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K30.70 W/m·K
6.3
429
22.6 Critical Temperature
23.3 Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)8.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
23.6 Enthalpy
23.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol458.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
23.7.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
23.9.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol514.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
24.2 Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K28.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1