1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
225371957440086
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- It is synthetically produced metal.
- Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
2.2 Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.5 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.8 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.6.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.1.1 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.5.3 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,627.00 °C254.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.5.4 Brinell Hardness
5.6.2 Vickers Hardness
5.9 Speed of Sound
6.2 Optical Properties
6.2.1 Refractive Index
6.6.2 Reflectivity
6.7 Allotropes
6.7.1 α Allotropes
6.7.2 β Allotropes
6.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.5 Electronegativity
7.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.6.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.9.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.1.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.1.4 Allen Electronegativity
8.3 Electropositivity
8.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.6 Ionization Energies
8.6.1 1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.9.1 2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/molNA
710.2162
28750
8.10.2 3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
8.11.2 4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
9.1.2 5th Energy Level
9.1.3 6th Energy Level
9.1.6 7th Energy level
9.2.2 8th Energy Level
9.3.1 9th Energy Level
9.5.1 10th Energy Level
10.2.2 11th Energy Level
10.2.5 12th Energy Level
10.2.8 13th Energy Level
10.3.3 14th Energy Level
10.4.1 15th Energy Level
11.1.2 16th Energy Level
11.1.4 17th Energy Level
11.1.7 18th Energy Level
12.1.1 19th Energy Level
12.2.3 20th Energy Level
12.3.2 21st Energy Level
12.4.1 22nd Energy Level
12.4.3 23rd Energy Level
12.4.4 24th Energy Level
13.1.1 25th Energy Level
13.1.2 26th Energy Level
13.3.1 27th Energy Level
13.4.1 28th Energy Level
13.5.2 29th Energy Level
13.6.1 30th Energy Level
13.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr3.90 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.10 Electron Work Function
13.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.3 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
14.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
14.4.1 Crystal Lattice
14.5 Atom
14.5.1 Number of Protons
14.5.3 Number of Neutrons
14.6.1 Number of Electrons
14.7 Radius of an Atom
14.7.1 Atomic Radius
14.7.2 Covalent Radius
14.7.3 Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm197.00 pm
139
348
14.8 Atomic Weight
266.00 amu209.00 amu
6.94
294
14.9 Atomic Volume
NA22.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
14.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.10.1 Previous Element
14.10.2 Next Element
14.11 Valence Electron Potential
14.12 Lattice Constant
NA335.90 pm
228.58
891.25
14.13 Lattice Angles
14.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.3 Viscosity
15.4 Vapor Pressure
15.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.5 Elasticity properties
15.5.1 Shear Modulus
15.5.2 Bulk Modulus
15.5.3 Young's Modulus
15.6 Poisson Ratio
15.7 Other Mechanical Properties
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
16.1.3 Permeability
16.1.4 Susceptibility
16.2 Electrical Properties
16.2.1 Electrical Property
16.2.2 Resistivity
16.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.2.4 Electron Affinity
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.40 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
17.4 Critical Temperature
17.5 Thermal Expansion
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA60.30 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
17.7 Standard Molar Entropy