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Lawrencium
Lawrencium

Polonium
Polonium



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Lawrencium
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Polonium

Lawrencium Polonium Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Lr
Po
1.2 Group Number
NA16
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
76
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Post-​Transition
1.6 CAS Number
225371957440086
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Not Available
Pm-3m
1.8 Space Group Number
NA221.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
2.2 Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1961–1971
In 1898
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NANA
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.5 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.8 Abundance In Meteorites
NANA
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NANA
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.6.2 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
3.1.1 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Unknown
Highly Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
4.5.3 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,627.00 °C254.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
5.2 Boiling Point
NA962.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
5.3.2 Color
Silver
Silver
5.3.3 Luster
Unknown Luster
NA
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
5.5.4 Brinell Hardness
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
5.6.2 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
5.9 Speed of Sound
NANA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
6.2 Optical Properties
6.2.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
6.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
6.7 Allotropes
6.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
6.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
6.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
Lr
Po
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
1029
Tennessine Metal
0 38
7.5 Electronegativity
7.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
NA2.00
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
7.6.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
7.9.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
NA1.76
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
8.1.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA2.48
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
8.1.4 Allen Electronegativity
NA2.19
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
8.3 Electropositivity
8.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NA2.00
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
8.6 Ionization Energies
8.6.1 1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
8.9.1 2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/molNA
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
8.10.2 3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/molNA
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
8.11.2 4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
9.1.2 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
9.1.3 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
9.1.6 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
9.2.2 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
9.3.1 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
9.5.1 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
10.2.2 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
10.2.5 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
10.2.8 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
10.3.3 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
10.4.1 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
11.1.2 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
11.1.4 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
11.1.7 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
12.1.1 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
12.2.3 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
12.3.2 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
12.4.1 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
12.4.3 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
12.4.4 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
13.1.1 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
13.1.2 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
13.3.1 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
13.4.1 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
13.5.2 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
13.6.1 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
13.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr3.90 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
13.10 Electron Work Function
NANA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
13.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
10384
Lithium Metal
3 117
14.3 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
14.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
14.4.1 Crystal Lattice
14.5 Atom
14.5.1 Number of Protons
10384
Lithium Metal
3 117
14.5.3 Number of Neutrons
157125
Lithium Metal
4 184
14.6.1 Number of Electrons
10384
Lithium Metal
3 117
14.7 Radius of an Atom
14.7.1 Atomic Radius
NA168.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
14.7.2 Covalent Radius
NA140.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
14.7.3 Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm197.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
14.8 Atomic Weight
266.00 amu209.00 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
14.9 Atomic Volume
NA22.23 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
14.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.10.1 Previous Element
14.10.2 Next Element
14.11 Valence Electron Potential
NANA
Francium Metal
8 392.42
14.12 Lattice Constant
NA335.90 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
14.13 Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
14.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
NA9.20 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
15.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA9.40 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
15.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
15.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
15.4 Vapor Pressure
15.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
15.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
15.5 Elasticity properties
15.5.1 Shear Modulus
NANA
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
15.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NANA
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
15.5.3 Young's Modulus
NANA
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
15.6 Poisson Ratio
0.32NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
15.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
NA
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
NA9.32
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Unknown
Nonmagnetic
16.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
16.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
16.2 Electrical Properties
16.2.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
16.2.2 Resistivity
NA0.40 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
16.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
16.2.4 Electron Affinity
NA183.30 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
NA0.12 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.40 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
NA20.00 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
17.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
17.5 Thermal Expansion
NA23.50 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA60.30 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
17.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
NA13.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
17.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
NA134.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
17.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NANA
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1