Praseodymium

Manganese

Praseodymium Manganese Comparison

Praseodymium

Manganese

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA7

0 17

2.3 Period Number

2 7

2.5 Block

f block

d block

2.6 Element Family

Lanthanide

Transition Metal

2.7 CAS Number

74401007439965

7429905 54386242

2.8 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

I_ 43m

2.9 Space Group Number

194.00217.00

11 229

3 Facts

3.1 Interesting Facts

Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.

Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.

3.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

3.3 History

3.3.1 Who Discovered

Not Available

Johann Gottlieb Gahn

3.3.2 Discovery

In 1885

In 1774

3.4 Abundance

3.4.1 Abundance In Universe

2 * 10^-7 %8 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

3.4.3 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000001 %~0.001 %

1E-08 0.1

3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.27 %

1.7E-07 22

3.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.11 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.6.2 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.6.3 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.

This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry

Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Moderately Toxic

Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

NA0.08 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

4.2.5 In Bone

NA100.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

5 Physical

5.1 Melting Point

935.00 °C1,245.00 °C

27 3410

5.2 Boiling Point

3,130.00 °C1,962.00 °C

147 5660

5.3 Appearance

5.3.1 Physical State

Solid

5.3.2 Color

Grayish White

Silver

5.3.3 Luster

Metallic

5.4 Hardness

5.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA6.00

0.2 8.5

5.4.3 Brinell Hardness

481.00 MPa196.00 MPa

0.14 3490

5.4.5 Vickers Hardness

400.00 MPaNA

121 3430

5.5 Speed of Sound

2,280.00 m/s5,150.00 m/s

818 16200

5.6 Optical Properties

5.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

5.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

5.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

5.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

5.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

5.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

6 Chemical

6.1 Chemical Formula

6.2 Isotopes

6.2.1 Known Isotopes

3121

0 38

6.3 Electronegativity

6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.131.55

0.7 2.54

6.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA2.20

0.22 2.56

6.3.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.071.60

0.86 1.82

6.3.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

6.3.7 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.75

0.659 2.7

6.4 Electropositivity

6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.872.45

1.46 3.3

6.5 Ionization Energies

6.5.1 1st Energy Level

527.00 kJ/mol717.30 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

6.5.3 2nd Energy Level

1,020.00 kJ/mol1,509.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

6.5.5 3rd Energy Level

2,086.00 kJ/mol3,248.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

6.5.7 4th Energy Level

3,761.00 kJ/mol4,940.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

6.5.9 5th Energy Level

5,551.00 kJ/mol6,990.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

6.5.11 6th Energy Level

NA9,220.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

6.5.13 7th Energy level

NA11,500.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

6.5.15 8th Energy Level

NA18,770.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

6.5.17 9th Energy Level

NA21,400.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

6.5.19 10th Energy Level

NA23,960.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

6.5.22 11th Energy Level

NA27,590.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

6.5.24 12th Energy Level

NA30,330.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

6.5.26 13th Energy Level

NA33,150.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

6.5.29 14th Energy Level

NA38,880.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

6.5.31 15th Energy Level

NA41,987.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

6.5.33 16th Energy Level

NA109,480.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

6.6.1 17th Energy Level

NA118,100.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

1.2.1 18th Energy Level

NA127,100.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

1.3.1 19th Energy Level

NA138,600.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

2.2.1 20th Energy Level

NA148,500.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

2.2.2 21st Energy Level

NA158,600.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

2.8.1 22nd Energy Level

NA172,500.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

2.8.2 23rd Energy Level

NA181,380.00 kJ/mol

98420 198800

2.8.4 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

2.10.1 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

2.10.2 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

2.10.4 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

3.4.2 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

3.5.2 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

3.5.4 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

3.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.75 g/amp-hr0.29 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

3.7 Electron Work Function

2.70 eV4.10 eV

2.14 5.65

3.9 Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

4 Atomic

4.1 Atomic Number

5925

3 117

4.3 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f³ 6s²

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²

4.4 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

4.4.1 Crystal Lattice

4.5 Atom

4.5.1 Number of Protons

5925

3 117

4.5.3 Number of Neutrons

8230

4 184

5.2.4 Number of Electrons

5925

3 117

5.4 Radius of an Atom

5.4.1 Atomic Radius

182.00 pm127.00 pm

112 265

5.6.1 Covalent Radius

203.00 pm139.00 pm

96 260

6.1.1 Van der Waals Radius

239.00 pm200.00 pm

139 348

7.2 Atomic Weight

140.91 amu54.94 amu

6.94 294

7.5 Atomic Volume

20.80 cm3/mol1.39 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

7.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

7.7.1 Previous Element

7.7.2 Next Element

7.8 Valence Electron Potential

42.64 (-eV)220.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

7.10 Lattice Constant

367.25 pm891.25 pm

228.58 891.25

7.12 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

7.13 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.61NA

1.567 1.886

8 Mechanical

8.1 Density

8.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

6.77 g/cm³7.21 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

8.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

6.50 g/cm35.95 g/cm3

0.512 20

9.3 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

9.4 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

9.6 Vapor Pressure

9.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

9.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

13.20 (Pa)NA

2.62E-10 774

9.8 Elasticity properties

9.8.1 Shear Modulus

14.80 GPaNA

1.3 222

10.1.5 Bulk Modulus

28.80 GPa120.00 GPa

1.6 462

10.3.2 Young's Modulus

37.30 GPa198.00 GPa

1.7 528

10.5 Poisson Ratio

0.28NA

0.032 0.47

11.3 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

12 Magnetic

12.1 Magnetic Characteristics

12.1.1 Specific Gravity

6.777.21

0.53 4500

12.3.1 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

12.3.2 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

12.4.1 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

12.6 Electrical Properties

12.6.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

12.6.2 Resistivity

0.70 nΩ·m1.44 nΩ·m

0.18 961

12.6.6 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 10⁶/cm Ω0.01 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

12.6.9 Electron Affinity

50.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

13 Thermal

13.1 Specific Heat

0.19 J/(kg K)0.48 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

13.2 Molar Heat Capacity

27.20 J/mol·K26.32 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

13.3 Thermal Conductivity

12.50 W/m·K7.81 W/m·K

6.3 429

13.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

13.5 Thermal Expansion

6.70 µm/(m·K)21.70 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

13.6 Enthalpy

13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

296.80 kJ/mol219.70 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

13.6.3 Enthalpy of Fusion

6.89 kJ/mol14.64 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

13.6.6 Enthalpy of Atomization

368.00 kJ/mol280.30 kJ/mol

61.5 837

13.7 Standard Molar Entropy

73.20 J/mol.K32.00 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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