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Properties of Beryllium and Chromium

Beryllium
Chromium
Properties of Chromium & Beryllium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
2,672.00 °C   
39
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Cr   
Group Number
2   
16
6   
12
Period Number
2   
4   
Block
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
All alkaline earth metals are placed under group number 2 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are somewhat reactive at standard conditions. Alkaline earth metals appear shiny, silvery-white and are found in the earth’s crust.Alkaline Earth   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
24   
99+
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
24   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Manganese
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Vanadium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Electrical Property
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
NA   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Antiferromagnetic metals denote or exhibit a form of magnetism characterized by an anti-parallel alignment of adjacent electron spins in a crystal lattice.Antiferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
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