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Properties of Beryllium and Plutonium


Properties of Plutonium & Beryllium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
639.50 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
3,235.00 °C   
24

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
2,260.00 m/s   
99+

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Be   
Pu   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
9   
29
20   
19

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.28   
33

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.22   
26

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.72   
21

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22

Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes
  
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
19.82 g/cm3   
13

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
16.63 g/cm3   
8

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
0.00 (Pa)   
26

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
2.20 (Pa)   
12

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
43.00 GPa   
18

Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
96.00 GPa   
21

Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.21   
32

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable
  

Periodic Table

Symbol
Be   
Pu   

Group Number
2   
16
0   
18

Period Number
2   
7   

Block
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block
  
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block
  

Element Family
?
All alkaline earth metals are placed under group number 2 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are somewhat reactive at standard conditions. Alkaline earth metals appear shiny, silvery-white and are found in the earth’s crust.Alkaline Earth
  
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
4   
99+
94   
24

Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
244.00 amu   
19

Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+

Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   

Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
64.90 (-eV)   
21

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
4   
99+
94   
24

Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
150   
11

Number of Electrons
4   
99+
94   
24

Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
?
The mono-clinic crystal structure is one of the seven lattice point groups. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths and have two vectors perpendicular to the 3rd oneMonoclinic (MON)
  

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
159.00 pm   
28

Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
187.00 pm   
20

Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28

Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
618.30 pm   
4

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Sodium
  
Americium
  

Previous Element
Lithium
  
Neptunium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Not Available   

Electrical Property
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor
  
?
Poor conductor metals have moderate resistance to electric currents. They can conduct electric current through them with very low efficiency.Poor Conductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
19.84   
7

Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39

Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
6.74 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
35.50 J/mol·K   
3

Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6

Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
344.00 kJ/mol   
25

Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
360.00 kJ/mol   
26

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