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Properties of Cadmium and Thallium

Cadmium
Thallium
Properties of Thallium & Cadmium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
320.90 °C   
99+
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
765.00 °C   
99+
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00   
16
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa   
39
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
67.00 %   
11
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s   
39
818.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cd   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69   
17
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98   
9
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46   
15
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53   
13
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.52   
27
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31   
37
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3   
28
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa   
16
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa   
35
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa   
29
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Sectility is the ability to be cut into pieces. Metals and paper are sectile.Sectile   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cd   
Tl   
Group Number
12   
6
13   
5
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
48   
99+
81   
35
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu   
99+
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
48   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
64   
99+
123   
20
Number of Electrons
48   
99+
81   
35
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm   
99+
196.00 pm   
30
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm   
99+
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89   
1
1.60   
6
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Indium
  
Lead
  
Previous Element
Silver
  
Mercury
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Electrical Property
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.65   
36
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K   
16
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
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