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Properties of Cobalt and Chromium

Cobalt
Chromium
Properties of Chromium & Cobalt


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C   
29
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C   
34
2,672.00 °C   
39
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa   
26
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa   
11
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
67.00 %   
11
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s   
14
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
?
It forms above 417 °C simple cubic (metallic)Α-Cobalt   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
?
It forms below 417 °C hexagonal close packed (hcp) (metallic)Β-Cobalt   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Co   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88   
12
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56   
1
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70   
5
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.84   
10
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12   
99+
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV   
5
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization   
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
14
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa   
9
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa   
18
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.32   
12
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Co   
Cr   
Group Number
9   
9
6   
12
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22   
99+
24   
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)   
10
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
26   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
22   
99+
24   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm   
34
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Nickel
  
Manganese
  
Previous Element
Iron
  
Vanadium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Electrical Property
?
Poor conductor metals have moderate resistance to electric currents. They can conduct electric current through them with very low efficiency.Poor Conductor   
NA   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4,500.00   
1
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Antiferromagnetic metals denote or exhibit a form of magnetism characterized by an anti-parallel alignment of adjacent electron spins in a crystal lattice.Antiferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
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