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Properties of Zirconium and Scandium


Properties of Scandium & Zirconium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,852.00 °C   
15
1,539.00 °C   
24

Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C   
11
2,832.00 °C   
35

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa   
19
750.00 MPa   
12

Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s   
20
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Zr   
Sc   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
24   
15
13   
26

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.33   
30
1.36   
29

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90   
25
1.02   
21

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.20   
27

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.32   
34
1.19   
36

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.67   
24
2.64   
25

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol   
99+
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.05 eV   
26
3.50 eV   
31

Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3   
99+
2.99 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3   
99+
2.80 g/cm3   
99+

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
91.30 (Pa)   
3

Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa   
20
29.10 GPa   
24

Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa   
17
56.60 GPa   
21

Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa   
22
74.40 GPa   
26

Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.28   
18

Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable
  
NA   

Periodic Table

Symbol
Zr   
Sc   

Group Number
4   
14
3   
15

Period Number
5   
4   

Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block
  
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block
  

Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal
  
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
40   
99+
21   
99+

Atomic Weight
91.22 amu   
99+
44.96 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol   
36
15.00 cm3/mol   
34

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   

Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)   
18
58.00 (-eV)   
24

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
40   
99+
21   
99+

Number of Neutrons
51   
99+
24   
99+

Number of Electrons
40   
99+
21   
99+

Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
162.00 pm   
26

Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
170.00 pm   
25

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
211.00 pm   
25

Lattice Constant
323.20 pm   
99+
330.90 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
8
1.59   
7

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Niobium
  
Titanium
  

Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Calcium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m   
11
562.00 nΩ·m   
10

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol   
27
18.10 kJ/mol   
33

Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
6.51   
99+
2.99   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)   
19
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8

Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K   
99+
15.80 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
25.52 J/mol·K   
37

Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39

Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K   
39
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol   
9
314.20 kJ/mol   
28

Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol   
11
14.10 kJ/mol   
25

Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol   
10
343.00 kJ/mol   
28

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