1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.3 Period Number
2.5 Block
2.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
2.7 CAS Number
74402027439896
7429905
54386242
2.9 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Unknown
3.3.2 Discovery
3.5 Abundance
3.5.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %1.1 * 10-1 %
5E-09
0.11
3.6.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~0.1 %
1E-08
0.1
3.7.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.10.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.11.1 Abundance In Oceans
3.12.3 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
-
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.7 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.380.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,539.00 °C1,535.00 °C
27
3410
6.4 Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C2,750.00 °C
147
5660
6.5 Appearance
6.5.1 Physical State
6.5.2 Color
6.5.3 Luster
6.6 Hardness
6.6.1 Mohs Hardness
6.7.5 Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa200.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.7.9 Vickers Hardness
6.8 Speed of Sound
7.2 Optical Properties
7.2.1 Refractive Index
7.2.3 Reflectivity
7.3 Allotropes
7.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
7.3.2 β Allotropes
7.3.3 γ Allotropes
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.7 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.11 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.3 Electropositivity
9.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.4 2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol1,561.90 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.6.3 3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol2,957.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.7.3 4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol5,290.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.8.4 5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol7,240.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.8.8 6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol9,560.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
9.8.12 7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol12,060.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
9.9.2 8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol14,580.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
9.9.5 9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol22,540.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
9.9.8 10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol25,290.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
9.10.2 11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol28,000.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
9.11.1 12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol31,920.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
9.12.1 13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol34,830.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
10.3.1 14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol37,840.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
10.5.1 15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol44,100.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
10.6.1 16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol47,206.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
10.6.3 17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol122,200.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
10.6.4 18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol131,000.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
10.7.2 19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol140,500.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
10.7.4 20th Energy Level
NA152,600.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
10.7.6 21st Energy Level
NA163,000.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
10.8.1 22nd Energy Level
NA173,600.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
10.8.2 23rd Energy Level
NA188,100.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
10.9.1 24th Energy Level
NA195,200.00 kJ/mol
104400
195200
10.9.2 25th Energy Level
10.11.1 26th Energy Level
10.12.1 27th Energy Level
10.12.2 28th Energy Level
10.14.1 29th Energy Level
11.1.2 30th Energy Level
11.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.4 Electron Work Function
11.7 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
12.5.2 Number of Neutrons
12.5.4 Number of Electrons
12.6 Radius of an Atom
12.6.1 Atomic Radius
162.00 pm126.00 pm
112
265
12.6.2 Covalent Radius
170.00 pm132.00 pm
96
260
12.7.1 Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
13.2 Atomic Weight
44.96 amu55.85 amu
6.94
294
13.3 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.5 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.5.1 Previous Element
13.5.2 Next Element
13.6 Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)67.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.7 Lattice Constant
330.90 pm286.65 pm
228.58
891.25
13.8 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm37.87 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm36.98 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.4 Tensile Strength
NA11,000.00 MPa
2.5
11000
15.6 Viscosity
15.7 Vapor Pressure
15.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
15.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)36.80 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
15.10 Elasticity properties
15.10.1 Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa82.00 GPa
1.3
222
15.10.2 Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa170.00 GPa
1.6
462
15.10.4 Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa211.00 GPa
1.7
528
15.11 Poisson Ratio
15.13 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
16.1.3 Permeability
NA6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
16.1.4 Susceptibility
NA2,00,000.00
-0.000166
200000
16.2 Electrical Properties
16.2.1 Electrical Property
16.2.2 Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m96.10 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
1.1.1 Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol15.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
2.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K25.10 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
2.5 Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K80.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
2.6 Critical Temperature
2.7 Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
2.8 Enthalpy
2.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol351.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
2.8.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol14.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
2.8.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol414.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.10 Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1