1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.6 Block
2.7 Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
2.8 CAS Number
74402797440417
7429905
54386242
3.5 Space Group Name
3.7 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
4.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
4.3.2 Discovery
4.5 Abundance
4.5.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %1 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
5.1.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.00000001 %
1E-08
0.1
6.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
7.2.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
7.6.3 Abundance In Oceans
9.2.2 Abundance In Humans
10 Uses
10.1 Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
-
Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
10.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
10.2.0 Medical Uses
10.2.2 Other Uses
10.3 Biological Properties
10.3.1 Toxicity
10.3.2 Present in Human Body
10.3.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
10.6.3 In Bone
12 Physical
12.1 Melting Point
1,356.00 °C1,278.00 °C
27
3410
12.5 Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C2,970.00 °C
147
5660
13.6 Appearance
13.6.1 Physical State
13.6.2 Color
13.6.3 Luster
13.7 Hardness
13.7.1 Mohs Hardness
13.13.1 Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa590.00 MPa
0.14
3490
14.1.1 Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa1,670.00 MPa
121
3430
1.2 Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s12,890.00 m/s
818
16200
2.3 Optical Properties
2.3.1 Refractive Index
3.1.2 Reflectivity
3.4 Allotropes
3.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
4.7 Electronegativity
4.7.1 Pauling Electronegativity
4.7.7 Sanderson Electronegativity
4.10.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
4.12.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
4.14.2 Allen Electronegativity
4.18 Electropositivity
4.18.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.2 Ionization Energies
5.2.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol899.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,757.10 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.8 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol14,848.70 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.7.5 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol21,006.60 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.7.10 5th Energy Level
5.7.12 6th Energy Level
5.8.3 7th Energy level
5.8.7 8th Energy Level
6.2.5 9th Energy Level
6.3.2 10th Energy Level
6.7.1 11th Energy Level
6.9.1 12th Energy Level
6.10.1 13th Energy Level
6.11.2 14th Energy Level
1.1.2 15th Energy Level
1.1.7 16th Energy Level
1.2.4 17th Energy Level
2.2.1 18th Energy Level
2.4.3 19th Energy Level
2.6.1 20th Energy Level
2.8.2 21st Energy Level
3.1.3 22nd Energy Level
3.2.4 23rd Energy Level
3.5.3 24th Energy Level
3.6.3 25th Energy Level
3.6.7 26th Energy Level
3.6.11 27th Energy Level
3.6.15 28th Energy Level
3.6.19 29th Energy Level
1.2.2 30th Energy Level
1.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr0.17 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
1.6 Electron Work Function
1.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
2.4 Electron Configuration
2.5 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
2.6.2 Crystal Lattice
2.7 Atom
2.7.1 Number of Protons
3.1.2 Number of Neutrons
3.7.1 Number of Electrons
1.3 Radius of an Atom
1.3.1 Atomic Radius
177.00 pm112.00 pm
112
265
1.5.2 Covalent Radius
1.7.3 Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm153.00 pm
139
348
3.3 Atomic Weight
158.93 amu9.01 amu
6.94
294
4.2 Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol5.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
4.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
4.4.1 Previous Element
4.4.2 Next Element
4.5 Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)82.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
4.8 Lattice Constant
360.10 pm228.58 pm
228.58
891.25
4.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
4.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
5 Mechanical
5.1 Density
5.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm31.85 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
5.5.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm31.69 g/cm3
0.512
20
5.8 Tensile Strength
5.9 Viscosity
5.13 Vapor Pressure
5.13.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
6.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
6.4 Elasticity properties
6.4.1 Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa132.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.2.2 Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa130.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.4.1 Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa287.00 GPa
1.7
528
8.5 Poisson Ratio
9.3 Other Mechanical Properties
10 Magnetic
10.1 Magnetic Characteristics
10.1.1 Specific Gravity
10.3.3 Magnetic Ordering
10.3.4 Permeability
10.3.5 Susceptibility
10.6 Electrical Properties
10.6.1 Electrical Property
10.6.2 Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m36.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.31 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.3.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)1.82 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.3 Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K16.44 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
1.3 Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K200.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
1.6 Critical Temperature
1.8 Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)11.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
1.12 Enthalpy
1.12.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol294.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
1.13.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol11.72 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
2.2.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol326.40 kJ/mol
61.5
837
1.3 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K9.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1