1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74403047429916
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
- Dysprosium acts stable in air at room temperature.
- Dysprosium behaves very much like paramagnetic metal.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.6.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.4 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
- Dysprosium metal is highly reactive due to which it pure form is not as usual as its alloy.
-
Thi metals alloy is used in magnate as it is resistance to high temperature.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Nuclear Research
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
4.3.3 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,545.00 °C1,407.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C2,562.00 °C
147
5660
5.7 Appearance
5.7.1 Physical State
5.7.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
5.7.3 Luster
5.8 Hardness
5.8.1 Mohs Hardness
5.10.1 Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa500.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.1.2 Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa540.00 MPa
121
3430
6.2 Speed of Sound
6.4 Optical Properties
6.4.1 Refractive Index
6.5.1 Reflectivity
6.7 Allotropes
6.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.4 Electronegativity
7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.1.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.1.6 Allen Electronegativity
8.3 Electropositivity
8.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.4 Ionization Energies
8.4.1 1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol573.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.4.3 2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol1,130.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.4.5 3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol2,200.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.4.6 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol3,990.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.1.1 5th Energy Level
9.2.1 6th Energy Level
9.3.1 7th Energy level
9.3.2 8th Energy Level
9.4.1 9th Energy Level
9.5.1 10th Energy Level
9.5.2 11th Energy Level
9.6.2 12th Energy Level
9.6.3 13th Energy Level
9.6.5 14th Energy Level
9.6.6 15th Energy Level
9.6.7 16th Energy Level
9.6.9 17th Energy Level
9.6.10 18th Energy Level
9.6.11 19th Energy Level
9.7.1 20th Energy Level
9.7.2 21st Energy Level
9.7.3 22nd Energy Level
9.7.4 23rd Energy Level
9.7.5 24th Energy Level
9.7.6 25th Energy Level
9.7.7 26th Energy Level
9.7.8 27th Energy Level
9.7.9 28th Energy Level
9.7.10 29th Energy Level
9.7.11 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr2.02 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.2 Number of Neutrons
10.4.3 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm178.00 pm
112
265
10.5.2 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm192.00 pm
96
260
10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
10.6 Atomic Weight
168.93 amu162.50 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol19.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)47.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
353.75 pm359.30 pm
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm38.54 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm38.37 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa24.70 GPa
1.3
222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa40.50 GPa
1.6
462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa61.40 GPa
1.7
528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Sectile
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m926.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)0.17 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K27.70 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K10.70 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)9.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol230.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol11.05 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol301.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K75.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1