1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.3 Block
1.4 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
1.5 CAS Number
74403937440166
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
William Hyde Wollaston
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %6 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.6 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.7 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
725.00 °C1,966.00 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C3,727.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
7.1.1 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
7.1.2 Luster
7.2 Hardness
7.2.1 Mohs Hardness
7.2.2 Brinell Hardness
7.3.1 Vickers Hardness
7.6 Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s4,700.00 m/s
818
16200
7.7 Optical Properties
7.7.1 Refractive Index
7.7.3 Reflectivity
7.8 Allotropes
7.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.5.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.2.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.2 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol719.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.3 2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol1,740.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.5 3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol2,997.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.6.2 4th Energy Level
9.7.2 5th Energy Level
9.7.4 6th Energy Level
9.7.6 7th Energy level
9.7.7 8th Energy Level
9.7.9 9th Energy Level
9.7.11 10th Energy Level
9.7.13 11th Energy Level
9.7.15 12th Energy Level
9.7.17 13th Energy Level
9.7.20 14th Energy Level
9.7.22 15th Energy Level
9.7.23 16th Energy Level
9.7.25 17th Energy Level
9.7.27 18th Energy Level
9.7.29 19th Energy Level
9.7.30 20th Energy Level
9.7.32 21st Energy Level
9.7.34 22nd Energy Level
9.7.36 23rd Energy Level
9.7.38 24th Energy Level
9.7.40 25th Energy Level
9.7.41 26th Energy Level
9.7.43 27th Energy Level
9.7.45 28th Energy Level
9.7.47 29th Energy Level
9.7.49 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr1.28 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.5.1 Number of Neutrons
10.6.1 Number of Electrons
11.2 Radius of an Atom
11.2.1 Atomic Radius
222.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
11.2.2 Covalent Radius
215.00 pm142.00 pm
96
260
11.5.2 Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
11.6 Atomic Weight
137.33 amu102.91 amu
6.94
294
11.7 Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.8.1 Previous Element
11.8.2 Next Element
11.9 Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.11 Lattice Constant
502.80 pm380.34 pm
228.58
891.25
11.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm312.41 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm310.70 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.4 Tensile Strength
12.7 Viscosity
12.9 Vapor Pressure
12.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.11.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.2 Elasticity properties
13.2.1 Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa150.00 GPa
1.3
222
13.2.3 Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa275.00 GPa
1.6
462
13.3.1 Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa380.00 GPa
1.7
528
13.6 Poisson Ratio
13.7 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.1.3 Permeability
14.2.2 Susceptibility
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
14.3.2 Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m43.30 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.21 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.4.1 Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol109.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K24.98 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.3 Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K150.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.5 Critical Temperature
16.6 Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)8.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
16.7 Enthalpy
16.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol495.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol21.76 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.1.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol556.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.3 Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K31.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1