Europium

Calcium

Europium Calcium Comparison

Europium

Calcium

Add ⊕

1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA2

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.6 Block

f block

s block

1.7 Element Family

Lanthanide

Alkaline Earth

1.8 CAS Number

74405317440702

7429905 54386242

1.13 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

Fm_ 3m

1.14 Space Group Number

229.00225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Not Available

Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.

It is found in the compound state.

Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Eugène-Anatole Demarçay

Humphry Davy

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1896

In 1808

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

5 * 10^-8 %7 * 10^-3 %

5E-09 0.11

3.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.00000005 %~0.007 %

1E-08 0.1

3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %1.10 %

1.7E-07 22

3.4.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %5.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.4.11 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.4.14 Abundance In Humans

NA1.40 %

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
It is used in low energy light bulbs.

It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

NA60.50 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

5.2.4 In Bone

NA170,000.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

6 Physical

6.1 Melting Point

822.00 °C839.00 °C

27 3410

7.2 Boiling Point

1,597.00 °C1,484.00 °C

147 5660

7.4 Appearance

7.4.1 Physical State

Solid

7.4.2 Color

Silvery White

Gray

7.4.4 Luster

Lustrous

7.5 Hardness

7.5.1 Mohs Hardness

NA1.75

0.2 8.5

7.7.3 Brinell Hardness

NA170.00 MPa

0.14 3490

7.7.5 Vickers Hardness

167.00 MPaNA

121 3430

7.8 Speed of Sound

NA3,810.00 m/s

818 16200

7.10 Optical Properties

7.10.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

7.10.3 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

7.12 Allotropes

✔ ✘

7.12.2 α Allotropes

Not Available

7.12.3 β Allotropes

Not Available

7.12.4 γ Allotropes

Not Available

8 Chemical

8.1 Chemical Formula

8.2 Isotopes

8.2.1 Known Isotopes

3119

0 38

9.3 Electronegativity

9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.201.00

0.7 2.54

9.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.010.95

0.22 2.56

9.4.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA1.04

0.86 1.82

9.4.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA1.08

0.62 2.48

9.4.11 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.03

0.659 2.7

9.5 Electropositivity

9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NA3.00

1.46 3.3

9.6 Ionization Energies

9.6.1 1st Energy Level

547.10 kJ/mol589.80 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

9.7.3 2nd Energy Level

1,085.00 kJ/mol1,145.40 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

9.9.1 3rd Energy Level

2,404.00 kJ/mol4,912.40 kJ/mol

1600 34230

9.9.3 4th Energy Level

4,120.00 kJ/mol6,491.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

9.10.2 5th Energy Level

NA8,153.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

9.11.2 6th Energy Level

NA10,496.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

9.11.4 7th Energy level

NA12,270.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

9.11.5 8th Energy Level

NA14,206.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

9.11.7 9th Energy Level

NA18,191.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

9.11.9 10th Energy Level

NA20,385.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

9.11.12 11th Energy Level

NA57,110.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

9.11.15 12th Energy Level

NA63,410.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

9.11.17 13th Energy Level

NA70,110.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

9.11.20 14th Energy Level

NA78,890.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

9.11.23 15th Energy Level

NA86,310.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

9.11.26 16th Energy Level

NA94,000.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

9.11.28 17th Energy Level

NA104,900.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

9.11.31 18th Energy Level

NA111,711.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

9.11.35 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

9.11.38 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

9.11.41 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

9.11.43 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

9.11.45 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

9.12.1 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.12.2 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.13.1 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.13.2 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

10.1.1 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

10.1.2 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

10.4.2 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

10.5 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.89 g/amp-hr0.75 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

10.6 Electron Work Function

2.50 eV2.87 eV

2.14 5.65

10.7 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

11 Atomic

11.1 Atomic Number

6320

3 117

11.3 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f⁷ 6s²

[Ar] 4s²

11.4 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

11.4.1 Crystal Lattice

11.5 Atom

11.5.1 Number of Protons

6320

3 117

11.5.3 Number of Neutrons

8920

4 184

11.5.5 Number of Electrons

6320

3 117

11.7 Radius of an Atom

11.7.1 Atomic Radius

180.00 pm197.00 pm

112 265

11.8.1 Covalent Radius

198.00 pm176.00 pm

96 260

11.8.2 Van der Waals Radius

233.00 pm231.00 pm

139 348

11.11 Atomic Weight

151.96 amu40.08 amu

6.94 294

11.13 Atomic Volume

28.90 cm3/mol29.90 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

11.16 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

11.16.1 Previous Element

11.16.2 Next Element

11.17 Valence Electron Potential

45.60 (-eV)29.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

12.2 Lattice Constant

458.10 pm558.84 pm

228.58 891.25

12.3 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

12.4 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

13 Mechanical

13.1 Density

13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

5.26 g/cm³1.55 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

13.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

5.13 g/cm31.38 g/cm3

0.512 20

13.5 Tensile Strength

120.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

13.6 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

13.7 Vapor Pressure

13.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

19.40 (Pa)25.50 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

13.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

13.9 Elasticity properties

13.9.1 Shear Modulus

7.90 GPa7.40 GPa

1.3 222

13.9.3 Bulk Modulus

8.30 GPa17.00 GPa

1.6 462

13.9.5 Young's Modulus

18.20 GPa20.00 GPa

1.7 528

13.11 Poisson Ratio

0.150.31

0.032 0.47

14.2 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile

15 Magnetic

15.1 Magnetic Characteristics

15.1.1 Specific Gravity

5.244.58

0.53 4500

15.1.4 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic

15.1.5 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

15.1.7 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

15.3 Electrical Properties

15.3.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

15.3.2 Resistivity

0.90 nΩ·m33.60 nΩ·m

0.18 961

15.3.4 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 10⁶/cm Ω0.30 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

15.3.6 Electron Affinity

50.00 kJ/mol2.37 kJ/mol

0 222.8

17 Thermal

17.1 Specific Heat

0.18 J/(kg K)0.63 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

17.3 Molar Heat Capacity

27.66 J/mol·K25.93 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

17.4 Thermal Conductivity

13.90 W/m·K201.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

17.6 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

17.8 Thermal Expansion

35.00 µm/(m·K)22.30 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

17.10 Enthalpy

17.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

143.50 kJ/mol150.00 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

17.11.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

9.21 kJ/mol8.54 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

17.11.4 Enthalpy of Atomization

180.00 kJ/mol184.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

17.12 Standard Molar Entropy

77.80 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

Compare Lanthanide Series » More

Europium vs Dysprosium

Europium vs Holmium

Europium vs Lutetium

» More

More Compare Lanthanide Series

Lanthanide Metals » More

» More

More Lanthanide Met...