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Europium
Europium

Chromium
Chromium



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Europium
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Europium Chromium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Eu
Cr
1.2 Group Number
NA6
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.6 Period Number
64
Lithium Metal
2 7
3.7 Block
f block
d block
4.2 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
4.3 CAS Number
74405317440473
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
4.5 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
4.6 Space Group Number
229.00229.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
5 Facts
5.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
5.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
5.3 History
5.3.1 Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
5.3.2 Discovery
In 1896
In Between 1797 - 1798
5.4 Abundance
5.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %1.5 * 10-3 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
5.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %~0.002 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
5.4.8 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.30 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
5.5.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
6.2.4 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
6.3.4 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
7.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
7.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
8.2 Biological Properties
8.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
8.2.2 Present in Human Body
8.2.3 In Blood
NA0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
8.3.1 In Bone
NA0.33 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
822.00 °C1,857.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
9.5 Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C2,672.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
9.8 Appearance
9.8.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
9.8.2 Color
Silvery White
Silver
9.8.3 Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
9.9 Hardness
9.9.1 Mohs Hardness
NA8.50
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
10.1.2 Brinell Hardness
NA687.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
10.1.6 Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa1,060.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
10.4 Speed of Sound
NA5,940.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
10.8 Optical Properties
10.8.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
10.8.4 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
11.3 Allotropes
11.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12 Chemical
12.1 Chemical Formula
Eu
Cr
12.2 Isotopes
12.2.1 Known Isotopes
3121
Tennessine Metal
0 38
12.5 Electronegativity
12.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.201.66
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
12.5.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.011.66
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
12.5.9 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
NA1.56
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
12.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
13.1.3 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.65
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
13.2 Electropositivity
13.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NA2.34
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
13.4 Ionization Energies
13.4.1 1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
13.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
13.6.6 3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
13.6.9 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
13.6.12 5th Energy Level
NA97,510.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
13.6.16 6th Energy Level
NA105,800.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
13.6.17 7th Energy level
NA114,300.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
14.1.2 8th Energy Level
NA125,300.00 kJ/mol
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
14.1.4 9th Energy Level
NA134,700.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
14.2.3 10th Energy Level
NA144,300.00 kJ/mol
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
14.3.1 11th Energy Level
NA26,130.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
14.4.1 12th Energy Level
NA28,750.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
14.5.1 13th Energy Level
NA34,230.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
14.6.1 14th Energy Level
NA37,066.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
14.7.3 15th Energy Level
NA97,510.00 kJ/mol
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
14.8.2 16th Energy Level
NA105,800.00 kJ/mol
Iron Metal
47206 109480
15.1.1 17th Energy Level
NA114,300.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
1.2.1 18th Energy Level
NA125,300.00 kJ/mol
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
1.7.1 19th Energy Level
NA134,700.00 kJ/mol
Copper Metal
64702 148700
1.10.2 20th Energy Level
NA144,300.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
1.12.1 21st Energy Level
NA157,700.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
2.4.2 22nd Energy Level
NA166,090.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
2.4.6 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
2.4.8 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
2.5.3 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
2.5.4 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
2.5.9 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
3.2.5 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
3.3.1 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
3.3.2 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
4.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr0.32 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
4.5 Electron Work Function
2.50 eV4.50 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
4.7 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
5 Atomic
5.1 Atomic Number
6324
Lithium Metal
3 117
5.5 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
5.6 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
5.6.1 Crystal Lattice
5.7 Atom
5.7.1 Number of Protons
6324
Lithium Metal
3 117
5.8.2 Number of Neutrons
8928
Lithium Metal
4 184
5.12.1 Number of Electrons
6324
Lithium Metal
3 117
7.2 Radius of an Atom
7.2.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm128.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
7.6.3 Covalent Radius
198.00 pm139.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
8.2.3 Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
8.3 Atomic Weight
151.96 amu52.00 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
8.6 Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol7.23 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
8.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.9.1 Previous Element
8.9.2 Next Element
8.10 Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)170.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
8.12 Lattice Constant
458.10 pm291.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
8.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
8.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
9 Mechanical
9.1 Density
9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm37.19 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
9.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm36.30 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
9.5 Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa689.00 MPa
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
9.7 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
9.8 Vapor Pressure
9.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
9.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA774.00 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
9.11 Elasticity properties
9.11.1 Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa115.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
9.11.3 Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa160.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
9.12.2 Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa279.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
9.16 Poisson Ratio
0.150.21
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
10.2 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
5.247.19
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
12.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
12.1.5 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
12.1.8 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
12.2.2 Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m125.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
12.2.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
12.2.7 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol64.30 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.45 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K23.35 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
13.4 Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K93.90 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
13.6 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
13.7 Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)4.90 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
14.2 Enthalpy
14.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol348.80 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
14.2.5 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol15.31 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
14.3.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol397.50 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
1.3 Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K23.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1