1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
3.7 Block
4.2 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
4.3 CAS Number
74405317440473
7429905
54386242
4.5 Space Group Name
4.6 Space Group Number
5 Facts
5.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
5.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
5.3 History
5.3.1 Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
5.3.2 Discovery
In 1896
In Between 1797 - 1798
5.4 Abundance
5.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %1.5 * 10-3 %
5E-09
0.11
5.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %~0.002 %
1E-08
0.1
5.4.8 Abundance In Meteorites
5.5.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.2.4 Abundance In Oceans
6.3.4 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
-
It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
7.1.2 Medical Uses
7.1.3 Other Uses
8.2 Biological Properties
8.2.1 Toxicity
8.2.2 Present in Human Body
8.2.3 In Blood
NA0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.3.1 In Bone
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
822.00 °C1,857.00 °C
27
3410
9.5 Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C2,672.00 °C
147
5660
9.8 Appearance
9.8.1 Physical State
9.8.2 Color
9.8.3 Luster
9.9 Hardness
9.9.1 Mohs Hardness
10.1.2 Brinell Hardness
10.1.6 Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa1,060.00 MPa
121
3430
10.4 Speed of Sound
10.8 Optical Properties
10.8.1 Refractive Index
10.8.4 Reflectivity
11.3 Allotropes
11.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12 Chemical
12.1 Chemical Formula
12.2 Isotopes
12.2.1 Known Isotopes
12.5 Electronegativity
12.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
12.5.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.5.9 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
13.1.3 Allen Electronegativity
13.2 Electropositivity
13.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.4 Ionization Energies
13.4.1 1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.6.6 3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.6.9 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
13.6.12 5th Energy Level
NA97,510.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
13.6.16 6th Energy Level
NA105,800.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
13.6.17 7th Energy level
NA114,300.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
14.1.2 8th Energy Level
NA125,300.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
14.1.4 9th Energy Level
NA134,700.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
14.2.3 10th Energy Level
NA144,300.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
14.3.1 11th Energy Level
NA26,130.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
14.4.1 12th Energy Level
NA28,750.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
14.5.1 13th Energy Level
NA34,230.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
14.6.1 14th Energy Level
NA37,066.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
14.7.3 15th Energy Level
NA97,510.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
14.8.2 16th Energy Level
NA105,800.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
15.1.1 17th Energy Level
NA114,300.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
1.2.1 18th Energy Level
NA125,300.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
1.7.1 19th Energy Level
NA134,700.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
1.10.2 20th Energy Level
NA144,300.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
1.12.1 21st Energy Level
NA157,700.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
2.4.2 22nd Energy Level
NA166,090.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
2.4.6 23rd Energy Level
2.4.8 24th Energy Level
2.5.3 25th Energy Level
2.5.4 26th Energy Level
2.5.9 27th Energy Level
3.2.5 28th Energy Level
3.3.1 29th Energy Level
3.3.2 30th Energy Level
4.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr0.32 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
4.5 Electron Work Function
4.7 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
5 Atomic
5.1 Atomic Number
5.5 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
5.6 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
5.6.1 Crystal Lattice
5.7 Atom
5.7.1 Number of Protons
5.8.2 Number of Neutrons
5.12.1 Number of Electrons
7.2 Radius of an Atom
7.2.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm128.00 pm
112
265
7.6.3 Covalent Radius
198.00 pm139.00 pm
96
260
8.2.3 Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
8.3 Atomic Weight
151.96 amu52.00 amu
6.94
294
8.6 Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol7.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
8.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.9.1 Previous Element
8.9.2 Next Element
8.10 Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)170.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
8.12 Lattice Constant
458.10 pm291.00 pm
228.58
891.25
8.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
8.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
9 Mechanical
9.1 Density
9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm37.19 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
9.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm36.30 g/cm3
0.512
20
9.5 Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa689.00 MPa
2.5
11000
9.7 Viscosity
9.8 Vapor Pressure
9.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
9.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA774.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
9.11 Elasticity properties
9.11.1 Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa115.00 GPa
1.3
222
9.11.3 Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa160.00 GPa
1.6
462
9.12.2 Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa279.00 GPa
1.7
528
9.16 Poisson Ratio
10.2 Other Mechanical Properties
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
12.1.5 Permeability
12.1.8 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m125.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.7 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol64.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.45 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K23.35 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.4 Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K93.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.6 Critical Temperature
13.7 Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)4.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.2 Enthalpy
14.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol348.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.2.5 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol15.31 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.3.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol397.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
1.3 Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K23.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1