1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.9 CAS Number
225371957440439
7429905
54386242
2.5 Space Group Name
2.6 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- It is synthetically produced metal.
- Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
3.2 Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.6.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000006 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.4.3 Abundance In Oceans
5.2.4 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
7.1.2 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.1.80 p.p.m.
0
170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
1,627.00 °C320.90 °C
27
3410
8.3 Boiling Point
9.2 Appearance
9.2.1 Physical State
9.2.3 Color
Silver
Silvery Bluish-Gray
9.2.5 Luster
9.3 Hardness
9.4.1 Mohs Hardness
9.4.6 Brinell Hardness
10.1.2 Vickers Hardness
10.3 Speed of Sound
10.6 Optical Properties
10.6.1 Refractive Index
10.7.2 Reflectivity
10.8 Allotropes
10.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.4 Electronegativity
11.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.3.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.4.3 Allen Electronegativity
13.4 Electropositivity
13.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.6 Ionization Energies
13.6.1 1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.6.4 2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol1,631.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.6.6 3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol3,616.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.6.9 4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
13.6.11 5th Energy Level
13.6.13 6th Energy Level
13.7.2 7th Energy level
13.8.3 8th Energy Level
13.8.5 9th Energy Level
13.8.7 10th Energy Level
13.9.3 11th Energy Level
13.9.5 12th Energy Level
13.10.3 13th Energy Level
13.10.6 14th Energy Level
13.10.8 15th Energy Level
13.10.11 16th Energy Level
13.10.14 17th Energy Level
13.10.16 18th Energy Level
13.10.19 19th Energy Level
13.10.21 20th Energy Level
13.10.24 21st Energy Level
13.10.26 22nd Energy Level
13.10.28 23rd Energy Level
13.10.31 24th Energy Level
13.10.34 25th Energy Level
13.10.35 26th Energy Level
13.10.38 27th Energy Level
13.10.40 28th Energy Level
13.10.42 29th Energy Level
13.10.45 30th Energy Level
13.11 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.12 Electron Work Function
13.13 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
14.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
14.3.1 Crystal Lattice
14.4 Atom
14.4.1 Number of Protons
14.4.5 Number of Neutrons
14.4.9 Number of Electrons
14.6 Radius of an Atom
14.6.1 Atomic Radius
14.6.3 Covalent Radius
14.7.2 Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm158.00 pm
139
348
15.2 Atomic Weight
266.00 amu112.41 amu
6.94
294
15.6 Atomic Volume
NA13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
15.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.7.1 Previous Element
15.7.2 Next Element
15.8 Valence Electron Potential
15.10 Lattice Constant
NA297.94 pm
228.58
891.25
15.12 Lattice Angles
15.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
17.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.5 Tensile Strength
17.7 Viscosity
17.8 Vapor Pressure
17.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
17.10.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
17.13 Elasticity properties
17.13.1 Shear Modulus
17.14.2 Bulk Modulus
18.1.2 Young's Modulus
18.3 Poisson Ratio
18.6 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
19.3.2 Permeability
19.6.1 Susceptibility
20.2 Electrical Properties
20.2.1 Electrical Property
20.2.2 Resistivity
20.2.5 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
20.4.1 Electron Affinity
21 Thermal
21.1 Specific Heat
21.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.02 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
21.5 Thermal Conductivity
22.2 Critical Temperature
22.3 Thermal Expansion
22.5 Enthalpy
22.5.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA100.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
23.1.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
23.1.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
23.3 Standard Molar Entropy
NA51.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1