1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.10 Block
1.11 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.12 CAS Number
74399657440473
7429905
54386242
1.14 Space Group Name
2.1 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1774
In Between 1797 - 1798
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %1.5 * 10-3 %
5E-09
0.11
2.6.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %~0.002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.1.3 Abundance In Meteorites
3.1.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.3.4 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-30.11 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.2 In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.0.33 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
1,245.00 °C1,857.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C2,672.00 °C
147
5660
7.6 Appearance
7.6.1 Physical State
7.6.2 Color
7.6.3 Luster
7.7 Hardness
7.7.1 Mohs Hardness
1.1.2 Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa687.00 MPa
0.14
3490
2.1.2 Vickers Hardness
1.5 Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s5,940.00 m/s
818
16200
1.7 Optical Properties
1.7.1 Refractive Index
1.1.1 Reflectivity
1.4 Allotropes
1.4.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.4.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.4.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2 Chemical
2.1 Chemical Formula
2.2 Isotopes
2.2.1 Known Isotopes
2.5 Electronegativity
2.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
3.5.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
4.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
4.7.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.5.1 Allen Electronegativity
5.10 Electropositivity
5.10.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.12 Ionization Energies
5.12.1 1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.13.3 2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.14.1 3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.15.3 4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.16.5 5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol97,510.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.17.2 6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol105,800.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.17.5 7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol114,300.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
6.1.2 8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol125,300.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
6.2.5 9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol134,700.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
6.2.7 10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol144,300.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
6.2.11 11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
7.1.3 12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
7.2.3 13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
7.4.3 14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
7.4.5 15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol97,510.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
7.4.9 16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol105,800.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
7.4.12 17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol114,300.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
7.4.15 18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol125,300.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
7.5.1 19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol134,700.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
7.6.2 20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol144,300.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
7.7.1 21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol157,700.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
7.8.3 22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol166,090.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
7.9.2 23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/molNA
98420
198800
7.10.1 24th Energy Level
8.2.2 25th Energy Level
8.2.4 26th Energy Level
8.3.2 27th Energy Level
8.3.4 28th Energy Level
8.3.6 29th Energy Level
8.3.8 30th Energy Level
8.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr0.32 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.5 Electron Work Function
8.6 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
9.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.6.2 Number of Neutrons
9.6.6 Number of Electrons
9.7 Radius of an Atom
9.7.1 Atomic Radius
127.00 pm128.00 pm
112
265
9.7.3 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm139.00 pm
96
260
9.7.6 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
9.8 Atomic Weight
54.94 amu52.00 amu
6.94
294
9.9 Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol7.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.11.1 Previous Element
9.11.2 Next Element
9.12 Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)170.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.14 Lattice Constant
891.25 pm291.00 pm
228.58
891.25
9.15 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
9.16 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm37.19 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm36.30 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.5 Tensile Strength
11.6 Viscosity
11.7 Vapor Pressure
11.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
1.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA774.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
1.5 Elasticity properties
1.5.1 Shear Modulus
1.6.2 Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa160.00 GPa
1.6
462
1.6.7 Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa279.00 GPa
1.7
528
1.7 Poisson Ratio
1.9 Other Mechanical Properties
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
2.2.2 Permeability
2.2.5 Susceptibility
2.5 Electrical Properties
2.5.1 Electrical Property
2.5.2 Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m125.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
2.6.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
1.1.1 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol64.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
3 Thermal
3.1 Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)0.45 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
3.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K23.35 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
3.6 Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K93.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
3.11 Critical Temperature
4.2 Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)4.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
4.6 Enthalpy
4.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol348.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
4.8.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol15.31 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
4.9.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol397.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
4.12 Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K23.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1