1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.3 Period Number
3.2 Block
3.3 Element Family
Probably Post-Transition
Post-Transition
3.4 CAS Number
540856427440086
7429905
54386242
3.6 Space Group Name
3.7 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
4.2 Sources
Synthetically Produced
Mining, Ores of metals
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
4.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.6.3 Abundance In Oceans
5.2.2 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Ununpentium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
6.3.2 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
400.00 °C254.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
1,100.00 °C962.00 °C
147
5660
7.3 Appearance
7.3.1 Physical State
7.3.3 Color
7.3.4 Luster
7.4 Hardness
7.4.1 Mohs Hardness
7.4.2 Brinell Hardness
7.4.4 Vickers Hardness
7.5 Speed of Sound
7.7 Optical Properties
7.7.1 Refractive Index
7.7.2 Reflectivity
7.9 Allotropes
7.9.1 α Allotropes
7.9.2 β Allotropes
7.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.3.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.3.8 Allen Electronegativity
8.4 Electropositivity
8.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.5 Ionization Energies
8.5.1 1st Energy Level
538.40 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,756.00 kJ/molNA
710.2162
28750
8.5.5 3rd Energy Level
2,653.30 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
8.5.7 4th Energy Level
4,679.50 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
8.5.9 5th Energy Level
5,721.60 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
8.5.11 6th Energy Level
8.5.12 7th Energy level
8.5.14 8th Energy Level
8.5.16 9th Energy Level
8.5.18 10th Energy Level
8.5.20 11th Energy Level
8.5.23 12th Energy Level
8.5.25 13th Energy Level
8.5.27 14th Energy Level
8.5.29 15th Energy Level
8.5.31 16th Energy Level
8.5.34 17th Energy Level
8.5.36 18th Energy Level
8.5.38 19th Energy Level
8.5.40 20th Energy Level
8.5.42 21st Energy Level
8.5.44 22nd Energy Level
8.5.46 23rd Energy Level
8.5.48 24th Energy Level
8.6.1 25th Energy Level
8.6.2 26th Energy Level
8.7.1 27th Energy Level
8.7.2 28th Energy Level
8.8.1 29th Energy Level
9.1.1 30th Energy Level
9.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
NA3.90 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.6 Electron Work Function
9.7 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
10.3 Crystal Structure
Not Known
Monoclinic (MON)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
10.5.2 Number of Electrons
10.6 Radius of an Atom
10.6.1 Atomic Radius
10.6.3 Covalent Radius
10.7.1 Van der Waals Radius
10.8 Atomic Weight
289.00 amu209.00 amu
6.94
294
10.10 Atomic Volume
NA22.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.13.1 Previous Element
10.13.2 Next Element
10.14 Valence Electron Potential
10.16 Lattice Constant
NA335.90 pm
228.58
891.25
10.19 Lattice Angles
10.20 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm39.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.2 Tensile Strength
12.4 Viscosity
12.6 Vapor Pressure
12.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.7.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.8 Elasticity properties
12.8.1 Shear Modulus
12.9.2 Bulk Modulus
12.9.4 Young's Modulus
12.10 Poisson Ratio
12.11 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
13.2.2 Permeability
14.1.2 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
14.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.3.5 Electron Affinity
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.40 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.2 Thermal Conductivity
16.5 Critical Temperature
16.7 Thermal Expansion
16.9 Enthalpy
16.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA60.30 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.9.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.10.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
16.11 Standard Molar Entropy