1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.7 CAS Number
74400317440713
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
3.2 Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.3 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.5.9 Abundance In Oceans
3.5.11 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.7 In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
2,468.00 °C900.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C1,470.00 °C
147
5660
5.5 Appearance
5.5.1 Physical State
5.5.2 Color
5.5.3 Luster
5.6 Hardness
5.6.1 Mohs Hardness
6.4.2 Brinell Hardness
6.4.3 Vickers Hardness
6.6 Speed of Sound
6.9 Optical Properties
6.9.1 Refractive Index
6.9.5 Reflectivity
6.11 Allotropes
6.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.6 Electronegativity
7.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.9.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.1.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.1.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.1.6 Allen Electronegativity
8.4 Electropositivity
8.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.6 Ionization Energies
8.6.1 1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol608.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol1,206.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.6.5 3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol2,267.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.7.3 4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol3,599.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.7.5 5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
8.7.8 6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
8.7.9 7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
8.8.1 8th Energy Level
9.1.3 9th Energy Level
9.1.6 10th Energy Level
9.1.8 11th Energy Level
9.2.3 12th Energy Level
9.2.5 13th Energy Level
9.2.7 14th Energy Level
9.2.10 15th Energy Level
9.2.12 16th Energy Level
10.1.1 17th Energy Level
10.2.1 18th Energy Level
10.3.1 19th Energy Level
10.3.3 20th Energy Level
10.4.1 21st Energy Level
10.5.1 22nd Energy Level
10.5.3 23rd Energy Level
10.6.2 24th Energy Level
10.6.4 25th Energy Level
10.6.7 26th Energy Level
10.6.9 27th Energy Level
10.6.12 28th Energy Level
10.6.14 29th Energy Level
10.7.2 30th Energy Level
10.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr3.12 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.9 Electron Work Function
10.10 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
11.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
11.5.1 Number of Neutrons
11.6.1 Number of Electrons
12.2 Radius of an Atom
12.2.1 Atomic Radius
146.00 pm186.00 pm
112
265
12.5.2 Covalent Radius
12.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
12.6 Atomic Weight
92.91 amu251.00 amu
6.94
294
12.7 Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
12.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.9.1 Previous Element
12.9.2 Next Element
12.10 Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)44.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.11 Lattice Constant
330.04 pm338.00 pm
228.58
891.25
12.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
12.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
13 Mechanical
13.1 Density
13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm315.10 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.3 Tensile Strength
13.6 Viscosity
13.8 Vapor Pressure
13.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
13.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
14.2 Elasticity properties
14.2.1 Shear Modulus
14.2.3 Bulk Modulus
14.2.4 Young's Modulus
14.4 Poisson Ratio
14.6 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable, Sectile
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
15.2.3 Permeability
15.2.5 Susceptibility
15.4 Electrical Properties
15.4.1 Electrical Property
15.4.2 Resistivity
15.4.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
15.4.5 Electron Affinity
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
16.3 Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
17.2 Thermal Conductivity
17.3 Critical Temperature
17.4 Thermal Expansion
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
17.6.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.6.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
18.1 Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1