1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.9 Block
1.10 Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
1.11 CAS Number
74400317440315
7429905
54386242
2.5 Space Group Name
2.6 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
3.2 Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %4 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.0000009 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.6 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.2.4 Abundance In Oceans
4.2.6 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.38 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
6.3.1 In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.1.40 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
2,468.00 °C231.90 °C
27
3410
7.4 Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C2,270.00 °C
147
5660
7.5 Appearance
7.5.1 Physical State
7.5.2 Color
7.5.3 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
7.6.3 Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa50.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.1 Vickers Hardness
7.9 Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s2,730.00 m/s
818
16200
8.3 Optical Properties
8.3.1 Refractive Index
8.3.2 Reflectivity
8.5 Allotropes
8.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
8.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
8.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
9.6 Electropositivity
9.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol1,411.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.7.5 3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol2,943.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.7.7 4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol3,930.30 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.7.9 5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol7,456.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.7.10 6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
9.7.12 7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.7.15 8th Energy Level
9.7.17 9th Energy Level
9.7.18 10th Energy Level
9.7.20 11th Energy Level
9.7.22 12th Energy Level
9.7.24 13th Energy Level
9.7.26 14th Energy Level
9.7.28 15th Energy Level
9.7.30 16th Energy Level
9.7.32 17th Energy Level
9.7.34 18th Energy Level
9.7.35 19th Energy Level
9.7.37 20th Energy Level
9.7.38 21st Energy Level
9.7.40 22nd Energy Level
9.7.41 23rd Energy Level
9.7.43 24th Energy Level
9.7.44 25th Energy Level
9.7.46 26th Energy Level
9.7.47 27th Energy Level
9.7.49 28th Energy Level
9.7.50 29th Energy Level
9.7.52 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
10.4.5 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
146.00 pm140.00 pm
112
265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
164.00 pm139.00 pm
96
260
10.6.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm217.00 pm
139
348
10.7 Atomic Weight
92.91 amu118.71 amu
6.94
294
10.9 Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol16.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.10.1 Previous Element
10.10.2 Next Element
10.11 Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)83.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.2 Lattice Constant
330.04 pm583.18 pm
228.58
891.25
11.3 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.4 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm37.37 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.2 Tensile Strength
12.3 Viscosity
12.5 Vapor Pressure
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.6 Elasticity properties
12.6.1 Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa18.00 GPa
1.3
222
12.7.1 Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa58.00 GPa
1.6
462
12.8.1 Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa50.00 GPa
1.7
528
12.11 Poisson Ratio
12.13 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
14.1.3 Permeability
14.1.4 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m115.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.09 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.4.1 Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol107.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K27.11 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.4 Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K66.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.5 Critical Temperature
15.6 Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)22.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.9 Enthalpy
15.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol290.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.1.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol7.03 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.1.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol301.30 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.3 Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K51.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1