1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.8 CAS Number
74400757440484
7429905
54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
1.10 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Georg Brandt
2.3.2 Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
In 1732
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
1.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
1.3.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.6.2 Abundance In Oceans
1.8.1 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
-
It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
2.1.3 Other Uses
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.04 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.4.3 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
639.50 °C1,495.00 °C
27
3410
4.3 Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C2,870.00 °C
147
5660
4.5 Appearance
4.5.1 Physical State
4.5.2 Color
4.5.3 Luster
4.6 Hardness
4.6.1 Mohs Hardness
5.1.2 Brinell Hardness
5.4.2 Vickers Hardness
6.3 Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s4,720.00 m/s
818
16200
7.2 Optical Properties
7.2.1 Refractive Index
7.2.2 Reflectivity
7.4 Allotropes
7.4.1 α Allotropes
7.4.2 β Allotropes
7.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.7.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.8.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.10.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.13.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.3 Electropositivity
9.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.4 Ionization Energies
9.4.1 1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.3.1 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.5.2 3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.6.3 4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.6.6 5th Energy Level
NA7,670.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
10.7.3 6th Energy Level
NA9,840.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
10.7.6 7th Energy level
NA12,440.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
10.8.2 8th Energy Level
NA15,230.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
10.9.2 9th Energy Level
NA17,959.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
10.10.2 10th Energy Level
NA26,570.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
11.1.2 11th Energy Level
NA29,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
11.1.6 12th Energy Level
NA32,400.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
11.2.2 13th Energy Level
NA36,600.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
11.2.5 14th Energy Level
NA39,700.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
11.2.9 15th Energy Level
NA42,800.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
11.2.12 16th Energy Level
NA49,396.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
11.2.14 17th Energy Level
NA52,737.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
12.1.2 18th Energy Level
NA134,810.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
12.2.1 19th Energy Level
NA145,170.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
12.2.3 20th Energy Level
NA154,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
12.3.2 21st Energy Level
NA167,400.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
12.3.3 22nd Energy Level
NA178,100.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
12.4.2 23rd Energy Level
NA189,300.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
12.5.1 24th Energy Level
12.5.3 25th Energy Level
12.5.4 26th Energy Level
12.6.3 27th Energy Level
12.6.4 28th Energy Level
12.6.7 29th Energy Level
12.6.9 30th Energy Level
12.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.9 Electron Work Function
12.10 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Ionization
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
13.3 Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
13.4.3 Number of Neutrons
13.4.6 Number of Electrons
13.5 Radius of an Atom
13.5.1 Atomic Radius
159.00 pm147.00 pm
112
265
13.5.3 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
13.6.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
13.7 Atomic Weight
244.00 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
14.2 Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
14.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.6.1 Previous Element
14.6.2 Next Element
14.7 Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.8 Lattice Constant
618.30 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
14.9 Lattice Angles
14.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.4 Tensile Strength
15.7 Viscosity
15.9 Vapor Pressure
15.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.11.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
16.2 Elasticity properties
16.2.1 Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
16.2.3 Bulk Modulus
16.3.1 Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa116.00 GPa
1.7
528
16.6 Poisson Ratio
16.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
17.2.3 Permeability
17.2.5 Susceptibility
17.3 Electrical Properties
17.3.1 Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Poor Conductor
17.3.2 Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
17.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.4.1 Electron Affinity
19 Thermal
19.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
19.2 Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
19.4 Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
19.5 Critical Temperature
19.6 Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
20.2 Enthalpy
20.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
20.3.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
20.4.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
20.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1