1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.5 Period Number
2.7 Block
2.8 Element Family
2.9 CAS Number
74400977440622
7429905
54386242
2.14 Space Group Name
2.15 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Andrés Manuel del Río
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %1 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
3.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~0.00004 %
1E-08
0.1
4.6.1 Abundance In Meteorites
5.3.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.1.2 Abundance In Oceans
6.3.3 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
7.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
7.1.3 Other Uses
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.2.5 In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
10 Physical
10.1 Melting Point
63.65 °C1,890.00 °C
27
3410
11.3 Boiling Point
774.00 °C3,380.00 °C
147
5660
11.7 Appearance
11.7.1 Physical State
11.7.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Blue-Silver Grey
11.7.4 Luster
11.8 Hardness
11.8.1 Mohs Hardness
11.8.5 Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa600.00 MPa
0.14
3490
11.8.7 Vickers Hardness
11.11 Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s4,560.00 m/s
818
16200
11.13 Optical Properties
11.13.1 Refractive Index
11.13.3 Reflectivity
11.15 Allotropes
11.15.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.15.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.15.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12 Chemical
12.1 Chemical Formula
12.2 Isotopes
12.2.1 Known Isotopes
12.3 Electronegativity
12.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
12.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
13.2.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
13.2.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
13.3.2 Allen Electronegativity
13.4 Electropositivity
13.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.5 Ionization Energies
13.5.1 1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.5.4 2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol1,414.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.5.6 3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol2,830.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.5.9 4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol4,507.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
13.5.11 5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol6,298.70 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
13.5.13 6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol12,363.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
13.5.15 7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol14,530.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
13.5.17 8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol16,730.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
13.5.20 9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol19,860.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
13.5.21 10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol22,240.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
13.5.23 11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol24,670.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
13.6.2 12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol29,730.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
13.6.4 13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol32,446.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
13.7.2 14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol86,450.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
13.7.4 15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol94,170.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
13.7.8 16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol102,300.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
13.7.10 17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol112,700.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
13.7.13 18th Energy Level
NA121,600.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
13.7.16 19th Energy Level
NA130,700.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
13.7.20 20th Energy Level
NA143,400.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
13.8.1 21st Energy Level
NA151,440.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
13.9.1 22nd Energy Level
14.1.1 23rd Energy Level
14.1.3 24th Energy Level
14.4.3 25th Energy Level
14.4.6 26th Energy Level
14.4.9 27th Energy Level
14.5.3 28th Energy Level
14.5.6 29th Energy Level
14.6.1 30th Energy Level
14.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr0.38 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
14.12 Electron Work Function
14.15 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
15 Atomic
15.1 Atomic Number
16.2 Electron Configuration
16.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
16.3.1 Crystal Lattice
16.4 Atom
16.4.1 Number of Protons
16.6.2 Number of Neutrons
16.7.6 Number of Electrons
16.10 Radius of an Atom
16.10.1 Atomic Radius
227.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
17.1.1 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm153.00 pm
96
260
18.1.2 Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
18.2 Atomic Weight
39.10 amu50.94 amu
6.94
294
18.5 Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol8.78 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
18.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
18.6.1 Previous Element
18.6.2 Next Element
18.7 Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)120.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
19.4 Lattice Constant
532.80 pm303.00 pm
228.58
891.25
19.8 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
19.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
20 Mechanical
20.1 Density
20.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm36.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
21.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm35.50 g/cm3
0.512
20
21.4 Tensile Strength
21.8 Viscosity
21.9 Vapor Pressure
21.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
21.9.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
21.11 Elasticity properties
21.11.1 Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa47.00 GPa
1.3
222
21.11.3 Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa160.00 GPa
1.6
462
21.11.5 Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa128.00 GPa
1.7
528
21.13 Poisson Ratio
22.2 Other Mechanical Properties
23 Magnetic
23.1 Magnetic Characteristics
23.1.1 Specific Gravity
23.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
23.1.5 Permeability
23.1.7 Susceptibility
23.3 Electrical Properties
23.3.1 Electrical Property
23.3.3 Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m197.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
23.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
23.3.6 Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol50.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
24 Thermal
24.1 Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)0.49 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
25.2 Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K24.89 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
25.4 Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K30.70 W/m·K
6.3
429
25.6 Critical Temperature
25.8 Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)8.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
25.10 Enthalpy
25.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol458.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
25.11.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
25.11.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol514.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
25.12 Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K28.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1