1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74401227440406
7429905
54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
2.4 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
4.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.5.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.7.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.7.4 Abundance In Oceans
4.7.6 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.4 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,042.00 °C986.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C2,627.00 °C
147
5660
7.5 Appearance
7.5.1 Physical State
7.5.2 Color
7.5.3 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
7.6.3 Brinell Hardness
7.6.5 Vickers Hardness
7.7 Speed of Sound
7.8 Optical Properties
7.8.1 Refractive Index
7.9.2 Reflectivity
7.11 Allotropes
7.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
8.4 Electropositivity
8.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.5 Ionization Energies
8.5.1 1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol601.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol1,186.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.5.5 3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol2,152.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.5.7 4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol3,434.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.5.9 5th Energy Level
8.5.11 6th Energy Level
8.5.12 7th Energy level
8.5.14 8th Energy Level
8.5.16 9th Energy Level
8.5.18 10th Energy Level
8.5.20 11th Energy Level
8.5.22 12th Energy Level
8.5.24 13th Energy Level
8.5.27 14th Energy Level
8.5.29 15th Energy Level
8.5.31 16th Energy Level
8.5.34 17th Energy Level
8.5.36 18th Energy Level
8.5.38 19th Energy Level
8.5.40 20th Energy Level
8.5.42 21st Energy Level
8.5.44 22nd Energy Level
8.6.1 23rd Energy Level
8.6.2 24th Energy Level
8.7.1 25th Energy Level
8.7.2 26th Energy Level
9.1.1 27th Energy Level
9.1.2 28th Energy Level
9.4.2 29th Energy Level
9.4.3 30th Energy Level
9.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr3.07 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.6 Electron Work Function
9.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
10.5.1 Number of Electrons
10.7 Radius of an Atom
10.7.1 Atomic Radius
183.00 pm170.00 pm
112
265
10.9.1 Covalent Radius
10.10.1 Van der Waals Radius
10.13 Atomic Weight
145.00 amu247.00 amu
6.94
294
11.2 Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
11.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.3.1 Previous Element
11.3.2 Next Element
11.4 Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)45.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.6 Lattice Constant
NA341.60 pm
228.58
891.25
11.8 Lattice Angles
11.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm314.78 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.4 Viscosity
12.5 Vapor Pressure
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.7 Elasticity properties
12.7.1 Shear Modulus
13.1.2 Bulk Modulus
13.1.5 Young's Modulus
13.2 Poisson Ratio
13.4 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.1.4 Permeability
14.1.6 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
15.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
15.2.1 Electron Affinity
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
16.3 Molar Heat Capacity
16.5 Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K10.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.7 Critical Temperature
16.8 Thermal Expansion
16.9 Enthalpy
16.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
16.10.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.10.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
16.11 Standard Molar Entropy