Properties of Copper and Gallium
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
  
40
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
  
99+
2,403.00 °C
  
99+
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
  
19
2,740.00 m/s
  
31
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Cu
  
Ga
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
  
22
578.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol
  
15
1,979.30 kJ/mol
  
13
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol
  
15
2,963.00 kJ/mol
  
28
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.87 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3
  
99+
5.91 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
  
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Symbol
Cu
  
Ga
  
Period Number
4
  
4
  
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
  
99+
11.80 cm3/mol
  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)
  
99+
69.70 (-eV)
  
19
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
  
99+
270.00 nΩ·m
  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω
  
2
0.07 106/cm Ω
  
29
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
  
1
28.90 kJ/mol
  
31
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Permeability
1.256629 * 10
-6 H/m
  
5
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10
-6
  
4
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)
  
15
0.37 J/(kg K)
  
16
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K
  
2
40.60 W/m·K
  
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K
  
99+
25.86 J/mol·K
  
35
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)
  
25
18.00 µm/(m·K)
  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K
  
99+
40.80 J/mol.K
  
38
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol
  
33
256.10 kJ/mol
  
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol
  
99+
5.59 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol
  
29
276.10 kJ/mol
  
39