Properties of Copper and Ruthenium
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
  
40
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
  
99+
3,900.00 °C
  
14
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa
  
3
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
  
19
5,970.00 m/s
  
4
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Cu
  
Ru
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
  
22
710.20 kJ/mol
  
32
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol
  
15
710.22 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol
  
15
2,747.00 kJ/mol
  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.26 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3
  
99+
12.45 g/cm3
  
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3
  
16
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Cu
  
Ru
  
Period Number
4
  
5
  
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
  
99+
8.30 cm3/mol
  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
  
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)
  
99+
64.00 (-eV)
  
22
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
  
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω
  
2
0.14 106/cm Ω
  
16
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
  
1
101.30 kJ/mol
  
10
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Permeability
1.256629 * 10
-6 H/m
  
5
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10
-6
  
4
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)
  
15
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
24
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K
  
2
117.00 W/m·K
  
13
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K
  
99+
24.06 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)
  
25
6.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K
  
99+
28.50 J/mol.K
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol
  
33
567.80 kJ/mol
  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol
  
99+
25.50 kJ/mol
  
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol
  
29
603.00 kJ/mol
  
9