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Properties of Gold and Chromium

Gold
Chromium
Properties of Chromium & Gold


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
2,672.00 °C   
39
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Cr   
Group Number
11   
7
6   
12
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
24   
99+
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
79   
37
24   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
200.00 pm   
28
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Manganese
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Vanadium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
NA   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Antiferromagnetic metals denote or exhibit a form of magnetism characterized by an anti-parallel alignment of adjacent electron spins in a crystal lattice.Antiferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
All >>
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