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Properties of Mercury and Thorium

Mercury
Thorium
Properties of Thorium & Mercury


Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
1,750.00 °C   
17
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
4,790.00 °C   
8
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
390.00 MPa   
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
295.00 MPa   
29
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Th   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
28   
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
3.41 eV   
32
Other Chemical Properties
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
11.72 g/cm3   
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
31.00 GPa   
21
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
54.00 GPa   
22
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.27   
20
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Th   
Group Number
12   
6
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
90   
28
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
232.04 amu   
23
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
59.30 (-eV)   
23
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
90   
28
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
142   
15
Number of Electrons
80   
36
90   
28
Crystal Structure
?
Rhombohedral crystal lattice structure comes under trigonal crystal structure. The Rhombohedral crystal structure is a term associated trigonal crystal structure with the rhombohedral lattice.Rhombohedral (RHO)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
179.80 pm   
15
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
206.00 pm   
7
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
237.00 pm   
15
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
508.42 pm   
14
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Protactinium
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Actinium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Not Available   
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Under certain conditions, superconductor metals offer zero resistance to electric current it means this type of metals will conduct electricity without any resistance.Superconductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
11.70   
23
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
54.00 W/m·K   
28
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
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