1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.3 Period Number
2.4 Block
2.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
2.6 CAS Number
74402687440451
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
- At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
3.2 Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.5.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.6 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.9 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.5.12 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.3 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
4.1.2 Industrial Uses
4.1.3 Medical Uses
4.1.4 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
Moderately Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.6 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.2.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
2,200.00 °C795.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C3,257.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.4 Brinell Hardness
5.4.8 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s2,100.00 m/s
818
16200
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.4 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.9 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.3.12 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.3.16 Allen Electronegativity
6.4 Electropositivity
6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.5 Ionization Energies
6.5.1 1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.5.4 2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.6.2 3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol1,949.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.7.2 4th Energy Level
NA3,547.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.1.1 5th Energy Level
NA6,325.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.1.3 6th Energy Level
NA7,490.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.4.3 7th Energy level
7.4.6 8th Energy Level
7.4.8 9th Energy Level
7.4.11 10th Energy Level
7.5.3 11th Energy Level
7.5.6 12th Energy Level
7.5.9 13th Energy Level
7.7.1 14th Energy Level
7.9.1 15th Energy Level
7.11.1 16th Energy Level
8.2.1 17th Energy Level
8.2.2 18th Energy Level
8.7.1 19th Energy Level
9.1.3 20th Energy Level
9.1.5 21st Energy Level
9.1.6 22nd Energy Level
9.2.2 23rd Energy Level
9.3.1 24th Energy Level
9.5.2 25th Energy Level
9.5.4 26th Energy Level
9.5.6 27th Energy Level
9.6.3 28th Energy Level
9.6.5 29th Energy Level
9.7.1 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr1.74 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.11 Electron Work Function
10.4 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
11.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
11.4.1 Crystal Lattice
11.5 Atom
11.5.1 Number of Protons
11.8.1 Number of Neutrons
12.1.2 Number of Electrons
12.2 Radius of an Atom
12.2.1 Atomic Radius
136.00 pm181.80 pm
112
265
13.1.1 Covalent Radius
147.00 pm204.00 pm
96
260
13.3.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm235.00 pm
139
348
13.5 Atomic Weight
98.00 amu140.12 amu
6.94
294
13.8 Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol20.67 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.11.1 Previous Element
13.11.2 Next Element
13.12 Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)41.78 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.14 Lattice Constant
273.50 pm362.00 pm
228.58
891.25
13.16 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
13.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
14.4 Tensile Strength
15.2 Viscosity
15.3 Vapor Pressure
15.3.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.3.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.4 Elasticity properties
15.4.1 Shear Modulus
15.5.3 Bulk Modulus
15.5.5 Young's Modulus
15.6 Poisson Ratio
15.7 Other Mechanical Properties
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.1.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
17.1.2 Permeability
17.2.1 Susceptibility
17.3 Electrical Properties
17.3.1 Electrical Property
17.3.2 Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m828.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
17.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.5.1 Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
18 Thermal
18.1 Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
18.3 Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K26.94 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
18.4 Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K11.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
18.5 Critical Temperature
18.6 Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)6.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
18.7 Enthalpy
18.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol414.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
18.8.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol5.46 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
18.8.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol381.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
18.9 Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K72.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1