1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.5 Period Number
2.6 Block
2.7 Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
2.8 CAS Number
74402807439998
7429905
54386242
2.9 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
Not Available
3.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
William Crookes
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.2.4 Abundance In Meteorites
4.2.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.1.2 Abundance In Oceans
5.2.1 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
-
Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
6.1.2 Industrial Uses
6.1.4 Medical Uses
6.1.5 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
6.3 Biological Properties
6.3.1 Toxicity
6.3.2 Present in Human Body
6.3.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
6.3.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
303.50 °C640.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C3,902.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.5.2 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
8.2.2 Brinell Hardness
8.3.2 Vickers Hardness
8.4 Speed of Sound
8.5 Optical Properties
8.5.1 Refractive Index
8.6.1 Reflectivity
8.7 Allotropes
8.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.4 Electronegativity
9.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
10.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
10.6.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.6.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.6.9 Allen Electronegativity
1.3 Electropositivity
1.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.4 Ionization Energies
1.4.1 1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
1.6.1 2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
1.3.1 3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol1,997.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
1.7.1 4th Energy Level
NA3,242.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
1.11.1 5th Energy Level
2.5.2 6th Energy Level
2.9.2 7th Energy level
4.3.3 8th Energy Level
4.4.4 9th Energy Level
4.4.8 10th Energy Level
4.5.2 11th Energy Level
4.7.2 12th Energy Level
5.1.1 13th Energy Level
6.2.6 14th Energy Level
7.1.3 15th Energy Level
8.1.2 16th Energy Level
8.2.3 17th Energy Level
8.5.2 18th Energy Level
8.8.2 19th Energy Level
9.1.3 20th Energy Level
9.1.7 21st Energy Level
9.1.11 22nd Energy Level
9.3.1 23rd Energy Level
9.6.1 24th Energy Level
9.8.2 25th Energy Level
10.1.1 26th Energy Level
12.3.2 27th Energy Level
12.7.2 28th Energy Level
13.1.1 29th Energy Level
13.1.5 30th Energy Level
13.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr1.77 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.5 Electron Work Function
13.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
14.5 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
14.5.1 Crystal Lattice
14.6 Atom
14.6.1 Number of Protons
14.11.2 Number of Neutrons
14.12.3 Number of Electrons
14.15 Radius of an Atom
14.15.1 Atomic Radius
170.00 pm155.00 pm
112
265
14.17.1 Covalent Radius
145.00 pm190.00 pm
96
260
14.17.4 Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm221.00 pm
139
348
15.2 Atomic Weight
204.38 amu237.00 amu
6.94
294
15.3 Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol11.62 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
15.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.4.1 Previous Element
15.4.2 Next Element
15.5 Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)96.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
15.8 Lattice Constant
345.66 pm666.30 pm
228.58
891.25
15.10 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
15.11 Lattice C/A Ratio
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm319.38 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
16.2.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.3 Tensile Strength
16.4 Viscosity
16.5 Vapor Pressure
16.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
16.6.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
17.2 Elasticity properties
17.2.1 Shear Modulus
17.2.7 Bulk Modulus
17.3.3 Young's Modulus
17.4 Poisson Ratio
17.5 Other Mechanical Properties
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
18.1.6 Magnetic Ordering
18.1.7 Permeability
19.1.3 Susceptibility
19.3 Electrical Properties
19.3.1 Electrical Property
19.3.2 Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m1.22 nΩ·m
0.18
961
19.5.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
19.8.1 Electron Affinity
21 Thermal
21.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
21.7 Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K29.46 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
22.2 Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K6.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
22.6 Critical Temperature
22.8 Thermal Expansion
22.10 Enthalpy
22.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
22.12.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol3.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
22.13.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
22.16 Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1