1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
1.9 CAS Number
74403047440519
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
- Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
- Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.5 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.8.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.9.1 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
- Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.3.1 Present in Human Body
5.1.1 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.2 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,545.00 °C1,340.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C3,110.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
6.4.3 Luster
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.1.2 Brinell Hardness
7.2.5 Vickers Hardness
7.4 Speed of Sound
7.6 Optical Properties
7.6.1 Refractive Index
7.7.1 Reflectivity
7.8 Allotropes
7.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.2 Electronegativity
9.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
10.1.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.2.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.3.1 Allen Electronegativity
10.6 Electropositivity
10.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.8 Ionization Energies
10.8.1 1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol581.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.10.2 2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol1,196.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.10.5 3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol2,026.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.11.2 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol3,550.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.11.4 5th Energy Level
10.11.6 6th Energy Level
10.12.2 7th Energy level
10.12.3 8th Energy Level
10.13.1 9th Energy Level
11.1.2 10th Energy Level
11.1.5 11th Energy Level
11.1.7 12th Energy Level
11.2.3 13th Energy Level
11.2.5 14th Energy Level
11.2.6 15th Energy Level
11.2.8 16th Energy Level
12.1.1 17th Energy Level
12.1.2 18th Energy Level
12.2.1 19th Energy Level
12.3.1 20th Energy Level
12.3.2 21st Energy Level
12.4.1 22nd Energy Level
12.4.2 23rd Energy Level
12.5.1 24th Energy Level
12.5.2 25th Energy Level
12.6.2 26th Energy Level
12.6.3 27th Energy Level
12.6.5 28th Energy Level
12.6.7 29th Energy Level
12.6.8 30th Energy Level
12.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr3.07 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.9 Electron Work Function
12.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2
13.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
13.4.2 Number of Neutrons
13.4.3 Number of Electrons
13.5 Radius of an Atom
13.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm174.00 pm
112
265
13.5.2 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm169.00 pm
96
260
13.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
13.6 Atomic Weight
168.93 amu247.00 amu
6.94
294
13.7 Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol18.28 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.8.1 Previous Element
13.8.2 Next Element
13.9 Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)44.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.10 Lattice Constant
353.75 pmNA
228.58
891.25
13.11 Lattice Angles
13.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm313.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm313.85 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.2 Tensile Strength
14.3 Viscosity
14.4 Vapor Pressure
14.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
14.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
14.5 Elasticity properties
14.5.1 Shear Modulus
14.5.2 Bulk Modulus
14.5.3 Young's Modulus
14.6 Poisson Ratio
14.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
15.1.3 Permeability
15.1.4 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m1.25 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
15.2.4 Electron Affinity
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
16.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.4 Critical Temperature
16.5 Thermal Expansion
16.6 Enthalpy
16.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
16.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol15.00 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
16.7 Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1