1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.9 CAS Number
74403267440586
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By-product Zirconium Refining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %7 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.7.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.7.4 Abundance In Oceans
3.8.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
-
It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,660.00 °C2,150.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C5,400.00 °C
147
5660
6.2 Appearance
6.2.2 Physical State
6.2.3 Color
6.2.5 Luster
6.3 Hardness
6.3.1 Mohs Hardness
6.3.3 Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa1,450.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.4.3 Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa1,520.00 MPa
121
3430
6.5 Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s3,010.00 m/s
818
16200
6.6 Optical Properties
6.6.1 Refractive Index
6.6.2 Reflectivity
7.2 Allotropes
7.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.5.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.7.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.9 Electropositivity
8.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.10 Ionization Energies
8.10.1 1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol658.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.10.3 2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol1,440.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.10.4 3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol2,250.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.11.1 4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol3,216.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.11.2 5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
8.11.3 6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
8.11.4 7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
8.11.5 8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
8.11.6 9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
8.11.7 10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
8.11.8 11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
8.11.9 12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
8.11.10 13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
8.11.11 14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
8.11.12 15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
8.11.13 16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
8.11.14 17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
8.11.15 18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
8.11.16 19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
8.11.17 20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
8.11.18 21st Energy Level
8.11.19 22nd Energy Level
8.11.20 23rd Energy Level
8.11.21 24th Energy Level
8.11.22 25th Energy Level
8.11.23 26th Energy Level
8.11.24 27th Energy Level
8.11.25 28th Energy Level
8.11.26 29th Energy Level
8.11.27 30th Energy Level
8.12 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr1.66 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.13 Electron Work Function
8.14 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
147.00 pm159.00 pm
112
265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm175.00 pm
96
260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
9.6 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu178.49 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol13.60 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)81.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
295.08 pm319.64 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm313.31 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm312.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.2 Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa445.00 MPa
2.5
11000
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa30.00 GPa
1.3
222
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa78.00 GPa
1.7
528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.1.3 Permeability
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m331.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.03 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)0.14 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K25.73 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K23.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.4 Critical Temperature
12.5 Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)5.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol661.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol25.10 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K43.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1