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Titanium
Titanium

Hafnium
Hafnium



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Titanium Hafnium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Ti
Hf
1.2 Group Number
44
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.5 Period Number
46
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.7 Block
d block
d block
1.8 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.9 CAS Number
74403267440586
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.13 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By-product Zirconium Refining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1791
In 1922
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %7 * 10-8 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
3.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
3.7.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
3.7.4 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
3.8.2 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
4.2.5 In Bone
NANA
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,660.00 °C2,150.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
5.3 Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C5,400.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
6.2 Appearance
6.2.2 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.2.3 Color
Silvery Gray-White
Gray
6.2.5 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
6.3 Hardness
6.3.1 Mohs Hardness
6.005.50
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
6.3.3 Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa1,450.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
6.4.3 Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa1,520.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
6.5 Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s3,010.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
6.6 Optical Properties
6.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
6.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
7.2 Allotropes
7.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Ti
Hf
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
2332
Tennessine Metal
0 38
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.541.30
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
8.5.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.09NA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
8.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.321.23
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
8.7.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
8.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
1.381.16
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
8.9 Electropositivity
8.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.462.70
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
8.10 Ionization Energies
8.10.1 1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol658.50 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
8.10.3 2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol1,440.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
8.10.4 3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol2,250.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
8.11.1 4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol3,216.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
8.11.2 5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
8.11.3 6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
8.11.4 7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
8.11.5 8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
8.11.6 9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
8.11.7 10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
8.11.8 11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
8.11.9 12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
8.11.10 13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
8.11.11 14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
8.11.12 15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
8.11.13 16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/molNA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
8.11.14 17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
8.11.15 18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
8.11.16 19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/molNA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
8.11.17 20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
8.11.18 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
8.11.19 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
8.11.20 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
8.11.21 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
8.11.22 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
8.11.23 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
8.11.24 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
8.11.25 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
8.11.26 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
8.11.27 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
8.12 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr1.66 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
8.13 Electron Work Function
4.33 eV3.90 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
8.14 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
2272
Lithium Metal
3 117
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
2272
Lithium Metal
3 117
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
26106
Lithium Metal
4 184
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
2272
Lithium Metal
3 117
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
147.00 pm159.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm175.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
9.6 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu178.49 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
9.7 Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol13.60 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)81.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
295.08 pm319.64 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.58
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm313.31 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm312.00 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
10.2 Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa445.00 MPa
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
10.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa30.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa110.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa78.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
0.320.37
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
4.5113.31
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
11.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
11.2.2 Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m331.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.03 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)0.14 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K25.73 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K23.00 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
12.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
12.5 Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)5.90 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol661.10 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol25.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K43.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1